Question 1

According to your text, virtue belongs on a list of positive human traits primarily because

Accepted Answer

Virtue is considered a positive human trait because it is deeply connected to both secular and religious moral frameworks and is valued by society for promoting ethical behavior and social harmony.

Question 2

The major goal of the Values in Action Project was

Accepted Answer

The Values in Action Project aimed to create a classification system of character strengths that would serve as a positive counterpart to the DSM's focus on mental disorders and weaknesses.

Question 3

Which of the following are the six "universal" virtues identified by the Values in Action Project?

Accepted Answer

The Values in Action Project identifies six universal virtues: wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence.

Question 4

According to the Values in Action Project, what is the relationship between virtue and character strengths?

Accepted Answer

Character strengths are considered the components or pathways through which virtues are expressed and developed according to the Values in Action Project.

Question 5

As defined by the Values in Action Project, wisdom refers to

Accepted Answer

Wisdom, as defined by the Values in Action Project, involves practical knowledge and intelligence in dealing with life's challenges and uncertainties, rather than just technical knowledge or fame.

Question 6

A person who has good self-control, avoids excesses, and "looks before he or she leaps" would fit the virtue of

Accepted Answer

Temperance is the virtue associated with self-control, moderation, and the ability to avoid excesses.

Question 7

The virtue of transcendence

Accepted Answer

Transcendence involves connecting with something greater than oneself, often leading to a deeper understanding of life and existence.

Question 8

The Signature Strengths Questionnaire was developed by Values in Action Project (VIA) researchers to measure 24 strengths of character. This questionnaire has been taken by over 350,000 people in 50 different countries. Analysis of character strengths profiles suggest that

Accepted Answer

The analysis suggests that people in different cultures share a common understanding of character strengths, indicating a universal aspect of these strengths.

Question 9

Does the average person see a distinction between wisdom, intelligence, creativity, and sheer fame? When researchers asked people to nominate historic and contemporary exemplars of these characteristics they found that the answer to this question was

Accepted Answer

Researchers found that people nominated different individuals for wisdom, intelligence, creativity, and sheer fame, indicating a low degree of overlap and suggesting that people do see distinctions between these characteristics.

Question 10

Research investigating the characteristics that define a wise person have found that wisdom is

Accepted Answer

Wisdom is often associated with knowledge and judgment that guide the conduct of a virtuous life, rather than just technical knowledge or formal education.

Question 11

According to Sternberg's balance theory of wisdom, wise people are particularly skilled at

Accepted Answer

Sternberg's balance theory of wisdom emphasizes the ability to balance conflicting interests and make decisions that consider the common good, personal interests, and the interests of others.

Question 12

Baby boomers have been described as the "sandwich generation" because they are "sandwiched" between the needs and demands of their own children and those of their aging parents. According to Sternberg's balance theory of wisdom, a wise response to the sandwich generation dilemmas presented in the text example would involve

Accepted Answer

Sternberg's balance theory of wisdom emphasizes balancing competing interests and courses of action, which aligns with the need to manage the demands of both children and aging parents effectively.

Question 13

Based on five criteria, Baltes and his colleagues, who developed the Berlin model of wisdom, define wisdom as

Accepted Answer

Wisdom, according to the Berlin model, is defined as expert knowledge in the conduct of life, which involves deep understanding and judgment in complex life matters.

Question 14

To measure wisdom, Baltes and his colleagues use trained judge's evaluation of people's responses to various life dilemmas. In one study using the life dilemma measure, Baltes and Kunzman asked whether wise people are happier than the less wise. Results from their study found that

Accepted Answer

The answer of To measure wisdom, Baltes and his colleagues...

Question 15

In the SOC Model of Effective Life Management developed by Baltes and his colleagues, S, O, and C refer to

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the SOC Model of Effective Life...

Question 16

Baltes and his colleagues have made a strong connection in both theory and empirical studies between the SOC Model of Effective Life Management and

Accepted Answer

The SOC Model (Selection, Optimization, and Compensation) is closely related to goal research as it involves setting and achieving goals through adaptive strategies.

Question 17

In studies evaluating the extent to which people follow and endorse the SOC model in their own lives, Baltes and his colleagues have found that higher levels of endorsement are

Accepted Answer

Higher levels of endorsement of the SOC model are associated with increasing age and higher levels of eudaimonic well-being and positive emotion, as the model emphasizes adaptive strategies for managing life challenges and optimizing personal development.

Question 18

Baumeister and Exline argue that one of the most important functions of virtue and morality is to

Accepted Answer

Baumeister and Exline emphasize that virtue and morality help maintain harmonious relationships by controlling selfish impulses, which is crucial for social cohesion and cooperation.

Question 19

Baumeister and Exline argue that the Seven Deadly Sins (e.g., gluttony, greed, lust, anger) result from

Accepted Answer

Baumeister and Exline argue that the Seven Deadly Sins result from self-control failure, suggesting that self-control is the "moral muscle" behind virtuous behaviors and therefore the master virtue.

Question 20

Based on his experiences in the Nazi concentration camps during World War II, Victor Frankl came to believe that the ability of people to survive the horrors of the death camps depended on their ability to

Accepted Answer

Victor Frankl believed that finding meaning and a hopeful vision of the future was crucial for survival in the concentration camps, as outlined in his book "Man's Search for Meaning."

Quiz 10: Virtue and Strength of Character