Question 1

What is the term for the forces that act on or within an organism to initiate, direct, or sustain behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Motivation refers to the forces that act on or within an organism to initiate, direct, or sustain behavior.

Question 2

Even though he is terrified of heights, Jeremy tried bungee jumping and found it so thrilling that he tried it again and again. Which of the following best explains Jeremy's continued interest in bungee jumping?

Accepted Answer

Jeremy's continued interest in bungee jumping is best explained by the incentive value, as the thrill and excitement he experiences serve as a strong motivator to repeat the activity despite his fear of heights.

Question 3

Which of the following drives is best explained by incentives?

Accepted Answer

The drive for approval is best explained by incentives as it involves seeking positive reinforcement or rewards from others, such as praise or acceptance.

Question 4

Jalon works very hard in school to ensure that he will get accepted into law school. What is the most likely source of Jalon's motivation to study?

Accepted Answer

Jalon's motivation to study hard to get into law school is likely a learned motive, as it is based on personal goals and aspirations rather than biological needs or instincts.

Question 5

What are the three major types of motives?

Accepted Answer

The three major types of motives are biological, stimulus, and learned motives. Biological motives are related to survival needs, stimulus motives involve the need for stimulation and information, and learned motives are acquired through interaction with the environment.

Question 6

What kind of needs do biological motives serve to satisfy?

Accepted Answer

Biological motives are primarily concerned with satisfying survival needs, such as hunger, thirst, and the need for sleep, which are essential for maintaining life and health.

Question 7

On the basis of religious faith, Muhammed, a starving Muslim, refuses to eat pork that has been made available to him. Which of the following has overpowered his hunger?

Accepted Answer

Muhammed's refusal to eat pork is based on a learned motive, as it is influenced by his religious beliefs and cultural teachings rather than a biological or stimulus-driven need.

Question 8

What sort of motives include the need for activity, exploration, manipulation, and physical contact?

Accepted Answer

Stimulus motives are those that involve the need for activity, exploration, manipulation, and physical contact, as they drive individuals to interact with their environment and seek stimulation.

Question 9

Which of the following is classified as a learned motive?

Accepted Answer

Aggression is considered a learned motive because it can be influenced by environmental factors, experiences, and social learning, unlike basic biological needs like pain avoidance, hunger, and thirst.

Question 10

How are stimulus motives different from biological motives?

Accepted Answer

Stimulus motives are innate and drive behaviors such as curiosity and exploration, but they are not essential for survival, unlike biological motives which are necessary for survival.

Question 11

Suppose you have the need to have others approve of your masculinity or femininity. What kind of need is this?

Accepted Answer

This need is a learned motive because it is based on social and cultural influences rather than biological or innate factors.

Question 12

In terms of our motivation, the influence of our personal and cultural experience on our wants and desires can most clearly be seen in the influence of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Incentive values are shaped by personal and cultural experiences, influencing what individuals find rewarding or desirable.

Question 13

The body monitors and maintains internal states, such as body temperature and energy supplies, at relatively constant levels. What is this called?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis is the process by which the body maintains stable internal conditions, such as temperature and energy levels, despite external changes.

Question 14

About 15 minutes after Janice starts a walk on the treadmill, she begins to perspire heavily and then starts to cool off. Her body's tendency to maintain normal body temperature is a function of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment, such as temperature, despite changes in external conditions. Janice's body perspires to cool down and maintain a normal temperature, demonstrating homeostasis.

Question 15

The authors of the textbook discuss research on procrastination and its relevance for college and university students. What is one of the main findings of this research?

Accepted Answer

Forgiving themselves for procrastinating on one exam can reduce the likelihood of procrastination on future exams, as it helps alleviate negative feelings and promotes a more positive approach to future tasks.

Question 16

According to the textbook, approximately how long does it take to overcome the effects of jet lag?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the textbook, approximately how long...

Question 17

When is adaptation of circadian rhythms fastest?

Accepted Answer

Adaptation of circadian rhythms is generally faster when traveling from east to west because it is easier for the body to extend the day (phase delay) than to shorten it (phase advance), which is required when traveling from west to east.

Question 18

If you were to travel across five time zones, which of the following should you do to feel most rested?

Accepted Answer

Pre-adapting yourself to the new schedule by gradually adjusting your sleep and wake times before traveling can help your body adjust to the new time zone, reducing the effects of jet lag and helping you feel more rested upon arrival.

Question 19

When does jet lag occur?

Accepted Answer

Jet lag occurs when a traveller's circadian rhythms, which are the body's internal clock regulating sleep-wake cycles, are out of synchrony with the local time at the travel destination.

Question 20

Which of the following is a hunger signal?

Accepted Answer

The lateral hypothalamus is involved in signaling hunger, whereas the ventromedial hypothalamus is associated with satiety. High blood sugar and normal blood sugar levels are not signals of hunger.

Quiz 9: Motivation and Emotion