Question 1

The understanding children develop about their own thought processes is termed

Accepted Answer

Metacognition refers to the awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes, which is the ability to think about and regulate one's own thinking.

Question 2

Misbah knows that repeating her spelling words out loud and writing them down will help her learn them for the spelling test. What kind of skill is she using?

Accepted Answer

Metacognitive skills involve awareness and control over one's own learning processes, such as planning, monitoring, and evaluating one's understanding and performance. Misbah is using metacognitive skills by consciously choosing strategies to learn her spelling words.

Question 3

Which of the following is a metacognitive skill?

Accepted Answer

Metacognitive skills involve awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes. Knowledge about people can include understanding social dynamics and one's own interactions, which relates to metacognition.

Question 4

The integrated understanding of what the mind is, how it works, and why it works that way is called the

Accepted Answer

Theory of mind refers to the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others, understanding that others have beliefs, desires, and intentions that are different from one's own. It involves understanding how the mind works and why it works that way.

Question 5

Knowing that a long list of words will be more difficult to remember than a short list is called

Accepted Answer

Knowing that a long list of words will be more difficult to remember than a short list is called a cognitive task. Cognitive tasks are tasks that require the use of cognitive skills, such as memory, attention, and problem-solving.

Question 6

Knowing that there are limits to what a person can remember is called

Accepted Answer

This is referred to as metacognitive knowledge, specifically knowledge about people, which includes understanding the limitations of one's own memory and cognitive processes.

Question 7

Metacognitive skills improve rapidly after the age of ____.

Accepted Answer

Metacognitive skills, which involve awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes, typically see significant development around the age of 5, as children begin to better understand and regulate their cognitive activities.

Question 8

Children as young as _____ years old know that mental objects are different from real objects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children as young as _____ years old...

Question 9

Mimi is shown a toy monkey. Then she is shown the monkey in doll clothing with a human-looking mask. Although its tail and ears are visible, Mimi thinks the monkey has become a child doll. This demonstrates the

Accepted Answer

Mimi's inability to recognize the monkey as a monkey despite its visible tail and ears demonstrates her lack of theory of mind, which is the ability to understand that others have different thoughts and beliefs than oneself.

Question 10

To be able to understand the thoughts of other people, children must understand

Accepted Answer

Children need to understand that other people's thoughts and perspectives can differ from their own to comprehend others' thoughts. This is a key aspect of developing theory of mind.

Question 11

Children have developed the appearance-reality distinction by the age of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children have developed the appearance-reality distinction by...

Question 12

Justin is shown a picture and describes how it makes him feel. Then he is asked how the picture would make his mother feel. Justin gives the same response as his own. Justin's lack of differentiation shows he has not yet developed

Accepted Answer

Theory of mind is the ability to understand that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives different from one's own. Justin's inability to differentiate his feelings from his mother's indicates he has not yet developed this cognitive skill.

Question 13

Language plays an important role in the development of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Language plays an important role in the...

Question 14

Recent evidence suggests that the basic mirror neuron system is present as early as

Accepted Answer

Recent studies indicate that the basic mirror neuron system is present at birth, as newborns show the ability to imitate facial expressions and gestures, suggesting the early presence of this system.

Question 15

Neurons that fire when an individual produces an action and when the individual observes someone else making the action are called

Accepted Answer

Mirror neurons are specialized neurons that activate both when an individual performs an action and when they observe someone else performing the same action.

Question 16

A typical child goes from a 200-word vocabulary at age 2 to how many words at age 6?

Accepted Answer

By age 6, a typical child has a vocabulary of about 10,000 words.

Question 17

Todd is 2. His older brother shows him a picture of an elephant and tells Todd it is an elephant. With just this one exposure to this new word, Todd partially understands what an elephant is. This is the process of

Accepted Answer

Fast-mapping is the process by which children quickly learn a new word and its meaning after only a brief encounter.

Question 18

A child between the ages of 2 and 6 gains about _____ words per week.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A child between the ages of 2...

Question 19

Children have been found to use syntax to give them cues about word meaning. This is called syntactical ______.

Accepted Answer

Syntactical bootstrapping refers to the process by which children use the syntactic structure of sentences to infer the meanings of new words.

Question 20

One study followed children from birth to 3 years and found a fast increase in vocabulary after _____ of age.

Accepted Answer

The study likely refers to the "vocabulary spurt" or "naming explosion" that typically occurs around 18 months of age, where children rapidly increase their vocabulary.

Quiz 8: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood