Question 1

Evidence-based criminology is the contemporary form of criminology.

Accepted Answer

Evidence-based criminology is the contemporary form of criminology that relies on scientific findings and empirical evidence to inform theory, policy, and practice in the criminal justice system. This approach emphasizes the importance of measuring the effectiveness of crime prevention strategies and interventions and using data to guide decision-making.

Question 2

Making the observation that high crime rates are associated with poverty is a theory.

Accepted Answer

Observing that high crime rates are associated with poverty is an empirical observation or a hypothesis, not a theory. A theory provides a systematic explanation for the observed phenomenon, including underlying mechanisms and principles.

Question 3

Ideally,research results in the field of criminology should have practical implications to guide crime-control policy.

Accepted Answer

Research results in criminology should inform crime-control policy to be effective and evidence-based. Practical implications of research findings should be considered in policy-making decisions to address crime issues effectively.

Question 4

________ are developed to help provide us patterns for interpreting data and linking studies together.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ are developed to help provide us...

Question 5

Participating as an observer is always an example of ethical research.

Accepted Answer

Participating as an observer in research can raise ethical concerns, especially if the participants are unaware of the observation, which could infringe on their privacy and autonomy. Ethical research requires informed consent, respect for privacy, and ensuring no harm comes to participants.

Question 6

Theory building does not include data collection and analysis.

Accepted Answer

Theory building involves both data collection and analysis in order to formulate and test hypotheses and develop explanations or models of phenomena.

Question 7

External validity is the ability to generalize research findings to other settings.

Accepted Answer

External validity refers to the extent to which research findings can be applied to other populations, settings, or circumstances, indicating the generalizability of the research findings beyond the study sample.

Question 8

A meta-analysis is a close analysis of one particular study.

Accepted Answer

A meta-analysis is not a close analysis of one particular study. Instead, it involves combining and analyzing data from multiple studies on a specific topic.

Question 9

Theories need to be tested many times in order to help the theory to be accepted as truth.

Accepted Answer

Testing a theory multiple times increases the likelihood of detecting any potential flaws or inconsistencies, and strengthens the evidence supporting the theory's validity. Therefore, repeated testing is necessary for a theory to gain widespread acceptance within the scientific community.

Question 10

A simple hypothesis is turned testable through operationalization.

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is just an assumption or proposed explanation for a phenomenon. To test the hypothesis, we need to operationalize it, which means defining it in terms of specific, measurable variables or concepts. This turns the hypothesis into a testable research question that can be investigated empirically.

Question 11

Creating government-funded opportunities for success that break a cycle of poverty are an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Creating government-funded opportunities for success that break...

Question 12

Evidence-based criminology is founded on the ___________ method.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Evidence-based criminology is founded on the ___________...

Question 13

Research should be closely related to social policy creation.

Accepted Answer

Research plays a crucial role in informing the creation of effective social policies. Policymakers rely on research data to understand social issues, identify the root causes of these issues, and develop policies that work towards addressing these problems. Without research, social policies may not be well-informed or evidence-based, potentially leading to ineffective or harmful policies. Therefore, research should be closely related to social policy creation.

Question 14

By creating framework with a concept,a ________ can be used to explain the role of the death penalty as power over the powerless..

Accepted Answer

The answer of By creating framework with a concept,a ________...

Question 15

All of the eras of criminology today have led us to a psychological study of criminology rather than a scientific study of criminology.

Accepted Answer

While psychology does play a role in modern criminology, there are still many scientific approaches to studying crime such as the use of statistics and experiments. Therefore, criminology is still considered a scientific field of study.

Question 16

Survey research helps criminologists collect data.

Accepted Answer

Survey research is one of the most common methods used by criminologists to collect data on various aspects of crime and criminal behavior. Surveys can be used to gather information from different groups, such as victims, offenders, and the general public, and can provide valuable insights into crime trends, patterns, and factors that contribute to criminal behavior. Survey research allows criminologists to collect data quickly, efficiently, and cost-effectively, making it an essential tool in the field of criminology.

Question 17

The three-strikes law is an example of a dilemma facing criminologists who hope to influence social policy on the basis of statistical evidence.

Accepted Answer

The three-strikes law, which mandates harsher sentences for repeat offenders, is a controversial policy that is based on statistical evidence suggesting that longer prison terms can reduce crime rates. However, criminologists are divided over whether this approach is effective or fair, as it can disproportionately affect certain groups and may not address the root causes of criminal behavior. Therefore, the three-strikes law represents a dilemma for criminologists who seek to balance empirical research with ethical considerations and public opinion.

Question 18

When pretest subjects are sensitized,this is called differential selection.

Accepted Answer

When pretest subjects are sensitized, it is referred to as pretest sensitization or treatment interaction bias, not differential selection. Differential selection refers to a systematic difference in the composition of treatment groups in an experiment, not the sensitization of subjects to the pretest.

Question 19

Creating a _________ helps scientists develop and test a theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Creating a _________ helps scientists develop and...

Question 20

Protecting participant confidentiality should be included in a researcher's code of ethics.

Accepted Answer

Protecting participant confidentiality is a necessary component of ethical research and should be included in a researcher's code of ethics to ensure that participants' personal information is respected and kept confidential.

Quiz 2: Where Do Theories Come From