Question 1

Which of the following defines the atomic number of an element?
A) The weight of its protons plus the weight of its neutrons
B) The number of protons it contains
C) The number of shells in which its electrons exist
D) The number of isotopes it has

Accepted Answer

The atomic number of an element is the number of protons it contains.

Question 2

A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical changes is known as which of the following?
A) A compound
B) A mixture
C) An atom
D) An element

Accepted Answer

An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical changes.

Question 3

The distance an object travels in a given unit of time is known as which of the following?
A) Speed
B) Velocity
C) Motion
D) Force

Accepted Answer

Speed is the distance an object travels in a given unit of time.

Question 4

Read the following statement and then select the response that properly describe the action of forces: "A book is lying on the lawn on a moonlit night."
A) The book and the earth are repelling
B) The book and the moon are repelling
C) The book is exerting an attractive force on the earth
D) The moon is exerting an attracting force on the book

Accepted Answer

The moon's gravity is pulling the book towards it.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct statement?
A) If you cook an egg you have caused a physical change.
B) A piece of iron rusting is an example of a physical change.
C) Liquid water changing to solid water is an example of a physical change.
D) If you observe a roasting marshmallow turn brown and black, you are observing a physical change

Accepted Answer

Liquid water changing to solid water is a physical change because it involves a change in state without altering the chemical composition.

Question 6

Which of the following is most closely related to Newton's first law of motion?
A) Physical changes always precede chemical changes.
B) If you cause a mass to accelerate, you are not changing its velocity.
C) The force of attraction between two masses does not depend on the distance between them.
D) If we apply a force to an object that is at rest, the object will apply an equal and opposite force.

Accepted Answer

Newton's first law of motion, also known as the law of inertia, states that an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force. Option D relates to the concept of forces and their interactions, which is a fundamental aspect of Newton's laws.

Question 7

Which of the following is most closely related to an accurate explanation of why an airplane is able to rise in the air?
A) The pilot's control of the rudder
B) Drag has the effect of increasing thrust
C) The shape of the wings and the manipulation of ailerons both contribute to lift
D) The air pressure above the wing's surface is more than the air pressure below the wing's surface

Accepted Answer

The shape of the wings (airfoil design) and the manipulation of ailerons create lift by causing lower pressure above the wing and higher pressure below, allowing the airplane to rise.

Question 8

Which of the following serves as the definition of acceleration?
A) The speed of an object
B) The changes in velocity of an object
C) The direction in which an object is traveling
D) The distance an object travels in a given unit of time

Accepted Answer

Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity of an object with respect to time.

Question 9

Which of the following is not a component of the law of conservation of matter?
A) Matter cannot be created
B) Matter cannot be destroyed
C) Matter is made of atoms
D) Matter can change its form

Accepted Answer

The law of conservation of matter states that matter cannot be created or destroyed, only changed in form. It does not specifically state that matter is made of atoms.

Question 10

Which of the following accurately defines atoms?
A) Parts of a molecule
B) Heavy particles having no electrical charge
C) Heavy particles having a positive electrical charge
D) Substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical changes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following accurately defines atoms?
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Question 11

A nail accidentally dropped by a blacksmith two hundred years ago is discovered by an archaeologist. She observes the surface of the nail and writes in her notes, "One nail, probably iron."
 In at least three sentences, discuss whether a physical or chemical change has occurred, and provide information to support your conclusion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nail accidentally dropped by a blacksmith...

Question 12

While digging through an old wooden chest kept in the attic, Mark finds an old newspaper under a rubber toy. He lifts up the toy and sees that the paper is still white and the print is easily readable under the toy, but the rest of the paper is yellowing and almost brown. In at least three sentences, discuss whether a physical or chemical change has occurred with the yellowing of the paper, and provide information to support your conclusion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of While digging through an old wooden chest...

Question 13

A teacher tells a class "atoms are the smallest particles of matter."
 In at least two sentences, discuss how the teacher could clarify the statement and make it more accurate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A teacher tells a class "atoms are...

Question 14

In at least three sentences, explain what causes an airplane to rise.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In at least three sentences, explain what...

Question 15

Imagine that you inflate a balloon and release it. In at least three sentences, provide an explanation of why the balloon flies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that you inflate a balloon and...

Question 16

Consider again the balloon example in question 5 above. In at least three sentences, explain how you could get the balloon to fly more slowly and why this would work.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider again the balloon example in question...

Question 17

What is the electric charge of each of the following parts of a carbon atom: proton, neutron, and electron? Provide at least a sentence to describe each part.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the electric charge of each...

Question 18

Explain in a paragraph why a burnt hotdog turns black.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain in a paragraph why a burnt...

Question 19

In a paragraph, describe the three states of matter, and how matter converts from one state to another.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a paragraph, describe the three states...

Question 20

In at least a paragraph, describe thoroughly, using examples, the difference between elements, compounds, and mixtures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In at least a paragraph, describe thoroughly,...

Quiz 11: Matter and Motion

Which of the following defines the atomic number of an element?

A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical changes is known as which of the following?

The distance an object travels in a given unit of time is known as which of the following?

Read the following statement and then select the response that properly describe the action of forces: "A book is lying on the lawn on a moonlit night."

Which of the following is a correct statement?

Which of the following is most closely related to Newton's first law of motion?

Which of the following is most closely related to an accurate explanation of why an airplane is able to rise in the air?

Which of the following serves as the definition of acceleration?

Which of the following is not a component of the law of conservation of matter?

Which of the following accurately defines atoms?

A teacher tells a class "atoms are the smallest particles of matter." In at least two sentences, discuss how the teacher could clarify the statement and make it more accurate.