Question 1

During fetal development, the SRY gene activates

Accepted Answer

The SRY gene, located on the Y chromosome, triggers the development of male characteristics by promoting the production of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), which leads to the regression of the Müllerian ducts in male embryos.

Question 2

If you were able to closely examine a 12-week-old fetus, you would

Accepted Answer

By 12 weeks, the external genitalia of a fetus have developed enough to distinguish between male and female.

Question 3

Recent research suggests that

Accepted Answer

Fetal sex hormones influence the development of the brain, including the number and location of nerve synapses in the hypothalamus, which can affect behavior and physiological processes.

Question 4

Recent studies of fetally androgenized females suggest that

Accepted Answer

Fetal androgen exposure during the second trimester is linked to the development of masculine behaviors in early childhood, as indicated by studies on fetally androgenized females.

Question 5

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the core problem in AIS?

Accepted Answer

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) occurs when cells in XY individuals do not respond to androgens like testosterone, leading to the development of female external genitalia and incomplete internal female structures.

Question 6

Studies of DHT-deficient individuals in the Dominican Republic and New Guinea demonstrated

Accepted Answer

These studies showed that individuals with DHT deficiency, who were raised as girls, often adopted a male gender identity at puberty, highlighting the interaction between hormonal factors and socialization in gender identity development.

Question 7

Which statement most accurately reflects the concept of the multiplier effect?

Accepted Answer

The multiplier effect refers to the interaction where biological and socioenvironmental factors compound and influence each other, leading to amplified effects as a person develops.

Question 8

Using different disciplinary techniques with girls and boys, interacting with boys more roughly than with girls, and selecting different types of toys for boys and girls are all examples of the impact of

Accepted Answer

These examples illustrate differential socialization, where boys and girls are treated differently based on societal norms and expectations, leading to different behaviors and preferences.

Question 9

The child's earliest sense of his or her own masculinity or femininity is his or her

Accepted Answer

Core gender identity refers to a child's fundamental sense of being male or female, which is typically established in early childhood.

Question 10

In boys, puberty typically begins at around age

Accepted Answer

The answer of In boys, puberty typically begins at around...

Question 11

In girls, puberty typically begins at around age

Accepted Answer

Puberty typically begins at around age 11 in girls.

Question 12

What is gynecomastia?

Accepted Answer

Gynecomastia is the condition characterized by the enlargement of breast tissue in males.

Question 13

Harry believes that if he is aggressive, competitive, and brave in dangerous situations, he cannot also be conciliatory, cooperative, and fearful in dangerous situations. What model of masculinity/femininity does he appear to believe in?

Accepted Answer

Harry's belief aligns with the bipolar model, which suggests that masculinity and femininity are on opposite ends of a single continuum, implying that one cannot possess traits from both categories simultaneously.

Question 14

A person whose behavior encompasses both traditionally feminine and masculine presentations, might be described as

Accepted Answer

Androgynous refers to a blend of both masculine and feminine characteristics, making it the correct term for someone who exhibits both traditionally feminine and masculine presentations.

Question 15

In the __________ and __________ models, individuals may have varying levels of both masculine and feminine traits.

Accepted Answer

The orthogonal and oblique models allow for the possibility that individuals can possess varying levels of both masculine and feminine traits, unlike the bipolar model which suggests a single continuum.

Question 16

Even though professional views about the pathology of transgenderism are changing, a person who does not conform with a traditional male or female gender role would traditionally be diagnosed as displaying

Accepted Answer

Traditionally, individuals who do not conform to traditional gender roles might be diagnosed with gender dysphoria, which refers to the distress experienced due to a mismatch between one's gender identity and assigned sex at birth.

Question 17

Although he lives a fairly conventional masculine lifestyle, Louis feels he was born into the wrongly sexed body. He is seeking hormonal treatment and surgery in order to live as a woman. Louis would be considered a

Accepted Answer

Louis is considered a transsexual because he feels that his gender identity does not match his biological sex and is seeking medical treatment to transition to the gender he identifies with.

Question 18

Gender differences in mechanical aptitude, mathematical reasoning, and writing ability are believed by some researchers to be due to

Accepted Answer

Differences in cerebral lateralization, which refers to the specialization of brain hemispheres, have been suggested as a biological basis for gender differences in cognitive abilities.

Question 19

The theory of gender role development that includes concepts such as penis envy and castration anxieties is

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic theory, developed by Sigmund Freud, includes concepts such as penis envy and castration anxieties as part of its explanation of gender role development.

Question 20

Processes such as observation, imitation, and lifelong learning are important concepts in which theory of gender role development?

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory emphasizes the role of observation, imitation, and reinforcement in learning gender roles, highlighting how individuals learn behaviors by watching others and through lifelong learning experiences.

Quiz 5: Developmental and Social Perspectives on Gender