Question 1

Between ____ months, children lose their ability to discriminate phonemes in the languages they typically hear.

Accepted Answer

Between 6 and 12 months, children begin to lose the ability to discriminate phonemes that are not present in the languages they are exposed to regularly. This is a part of the process of language specialization.

Question 2

Utterances composed of only the most essential words for meaning are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Telegraphic speech refers to a stage in language development where children use short and simple sentences composed of only the most essential words, similar to a telegram.

Question 3

Telegraphic speech is important because it

Accepted Answer

Telegraphic speech is characterized by the use of only the most essential words to convey meaning, typically seen in young children as they develop language skills.

Question 4

At what age should we expect most children to speak like an adult, with respect to grammar?

Accepted Answer

The answer of At what age should we expect most...

Question 5

Your book describes the speaking style of "motherese", which is characterized by exaggerated intonation, a slow rate of speech, and high pitch. Motherese is important to help infants

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your book describes the speaking style of...

Question 6

Your book describes the tendency for parents today to use sign language with their infants. Simple sign language seems to help infants

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your book describes the tendency for parents...

Question 7

According to the cognitive-developmental theory of morality,

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-developmental theory, proposed by Jean Piaget and further developed by Lawrence Kohlberg, suggests that moral reasoning develops in stages and is closely linked to cognitive development.

Question 8

The term _____ refers to the set of rules that people use to balance the conflicting interests of themselves and others.

Accepted Answer

Morality refers to the set of rules or principles that individuals use to distinguish right from wrong and to balance their own interests with those of others.

Question 9

Piaget's theory of morality argues that _____ refers to that point when children believe that morals are absolute.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of morality includes the concept of "morality of constraint," which is the stage where children view rules and morals as fixed and absolute, typically occurring in younger children.

Question 10

I write on the wall by accident and my nephew writes on the wall on purpose. Assuming Piaget's ideas about morality are correct, if punishment was set by my 9 year old niece Lauren, the only thing that will influence who gets punished more would be:

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of moral development, children in the pre-operational stage (around 4-7 years old) focus on the consequences of actions rather than intentions. At 9 years old, Lauren is likely transitioning to the concrete operational stage, where she may still consider the extent of the damage (who marked up the wall more) as more important than the intention behind the action.

Question 11

According to Piaget's theory, during the _____ stage, moral rules can be changed if they are not appropriate to the occasion, as long as the people involved agree to do so.

Accepted Answer

In Piaget's theory, the "morality of cooperation" stage is when children understand that rules can be flexible and can be changed through mutual agreement, reflecting a more mature understanding of morality.

Question 12

My girlfriend and I both agree that one of the rules for the game we are playing can be disregarded. We are displaying Piaget's notion of:

Accepted Answer

Piaget's notion of morality of cooperation involves understanding that rules can be flexible and agreed upon by mutual consent, as opposed to being strictly imposed.

Question 13

According to Kohlberg, at the first level of moral development, preconventional morality, children:

Accepted Answer

At the preconventional level, children make moral decisions based on the consequences of their actions, such as avoiding punishment or seeking rewards.

Question 14

My daughter says, "You better not do that or you'll get in trouble." In terms of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, at what stage (NOT level) is she?

Accepted Answer

The answer of My daughter says, "You better not do...

Question 15

One friend tells another friend that, "If you invite your boss over for dinner, he'll give you a nice bonus at the end of the year." In terms of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, at which of the 5 stages (NOT levels) is he?

Accepted Answer

This statement reflects Stage 2 of Kohlberg's moral development, which is characterized by a focus on self-interest and the idea of "what's in it for me?" The friend is suggesting a behavior based on the expectation of a personal reward (a bonus).

Question 16

A student works hard in the hope that his grades will make his dad proud of him. In terms of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, at which of the 5 stages (NOT levels) is he?

Accepted Answer

The student is in Stage 3, which is characterized by behavior driven by social approval and the desire to please others, such as making his dad proud.

Question 17

As I am driving through a school zone, I slow my car down. I find that as I get older, I am more willing to adhere to the law. In terms of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, at which of the 5 stages (NOT levels) am I?

Accepted Answer

At stage 4 of Kohlberg's moral development, individuals follow laws and rules because they believe it is important to maintain social order. Slowing down in a school zone to adhere to the law reflects this stage.

Question 18

According to Kohlberg, at the third level of moral development, postconventional morality, individuals:

Accepted Answer

At the postconventional level, individuals follow self-defined ethical principles that may not align with societal norms.

Question 19

What percentage of people actually reach Kohlberg's postconventional level of morality?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that only about 5% of people reach Kohlberg's postconventional level of morality, which involves abstract reasoning and principles beyond societal norms.

Question 20

One of my teachers from high school (Mr. Boyles) told us a story of an experience he had in Vietnam. Some of his buddies were in a deep hole when a Vietnamese soldier threw a grenade into the hole. To save the lives of his friends, one of the guys jumped on the grenade. He sacrificed his own life so that many others could live. His behavior and thinking exemplify what stage or level of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Accepted Answer

The action of sacrificing oneself for the greater good aligns with Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral development, where moral reasoning is based on abstract principles and the value of human life.

Quiz 13: Life-Span Development