Question 1

Kowalski and Westen recommend all of the following as an aid for relieving insomnia except:

Accepted Answer

Keeping a ticking clock near the bed is not recommended for relieving insomnia as it can be a source of distraction and anxiety, making it harder to fall asleep.

Question 2

Brief periods during sleep when an individual stops breathing happen when the individual has:

Accepted Answer

Sleep apnea is a disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or periods of shallow breathing during sleep.

Question 3

Uncomfortable crawling, tingling, or prickling sensation in the legs happen when the individual has:

Accepted Answer

Restless leg syndrome is characterized by uncomfortable sensations in the legs and an irresistible urge to move them, often described as crawling, tingling, or prickling.

Question 4

To understand sleep, we need to pay attention to the _____ of EEG waves.

Accepted Answer

Both frequency and amplitude of EEG waves are important for understanding different stages of sleep, as they help identify patterns such as REM and non-REM sleep.

Question 5

As you are going around throughout the day, your brain activity is represented by _____ waves.

Accepted Answer

Beta waves are associated with active thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making, which are common during daily activities.

Question 6

As people close their eyes and relax in bed, _____ waves emerge.

Accepted Answer

Alpha waves are associated with relaxation and are typically observed when a person is awake but with closed eyes, often as they are relaxing or preparing to fall asleep.

Question 7

During Stage 1 sleep, muscle tone is maintained and eye movements are absent. This stage can be determined by the presence of _____ waves.

Accepted Answer

Stage 1 sleep is characterized by the presence of theta waves, which are slower in frequency than alpha waves and indicate the transition from wakefulness to sleep.

Question 8

Stage 2 sleep is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Stage 2 sleep is characterized by the presence of sleep spindles, which are bursts of oscillatory brain activity visible on an EEG.

Question 9

My roommate sleeps very deeply, and is hard to awaken. An EEG would likely show:

Accepted Answer

Delta waves are associated with deep sleep, which is why they would likely be present in someone who sleeps very deeply.

Question 10

If I keep waking you up during _____ sleep, you will feel achy the next day.

Accepted Answer

Delta sleep is the deep sleep stage, and waking someone during this stage can lead to feelings of grogginess and physical discomfort the next day.

Question 11

I wake up in the middle of the night and notice that my roommate is fast asleep. I can tell because of the relaxed muscles, decreased rate of respiration, and slightly lower body temperature. My roommate is mostly likely experiencing

Accepted Answer

The description of relaxed muscles, decreased respiration rate, and lower body temperature is indicative of delta sleep, also known as slow-wave sleep, which is a deep sleep stage characterized by these physiological changes.

Question 12

I wake up in the middle of the night and notice that my wife is breathing very quickly and irregularly. Knowing this alone, I should know that the activity of her _____ has increased.

Accepted Answer

The answer of I wake up in the middle of...

Question 13

Dreaming is associated with:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dreaming is associated with:
...

Question 14

Analyses of people's dreams show that:

Accepted Answer

Research on dreams has shown that a significant majority of emotions experienced in dreams tend to be negative, with estimates around 80%.

Question 15

Dreaming ìconsciousnessî seems to be different from waking consciousness because:

Accepted Answer

Prefrontal attentional mechanisms and primary visual cortical activity do not occur during dreaming.

Question 16

The stages of sleep follow a regular cycle that repeats every:

Accepted Answer

The sleep cycle typically lasts about 90 minutes, during which the body progresses through different stages of sleep, including REM and non-REM sleep.

Question 17

I wake up and realize that I did not have a single dream. This is unlikely since REM sleep accounts for approximately _____ percent of all time asleep.

Accepted Answer

REM sleep accounts for approximately 20-25% of total sleep time, making option D the closest correct choice.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT typical of REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

During REM sleep, breathing and heart rate typically become irregular and can increase, not slow down.

Question 19

According to Freud's theory of dreams, dreams are chaotic because:

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that dreams are a manifestation of unconscious desires and thoughts, which are associative and not bound by rational processes, leading to their chaotic nature.

Question 20

According to the psychodynamic theory of dreams, dreams contain

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic theory of dreams, proposed by Freud, suggests that dreams have both manifest content (the literal storyline) and latent content (the hidden psychological meaning), which often involves unconscious motives.

Quiz 9: Consciousness