Question 1

The _____ level of categorization is below the basic level and is the level in which members of a category share specific attributes.

Accepted Answer

The subordinate level of categorization is more specific than the basic level and includes categories where members share specific attributes.

Question 2

The abstract level in which members of a category share few common features is the _____ level.

Accepted Answer

The superordinate level is the most abstract level of categorization, where members of a category share few common features.

Question 3

What relationship does motorcycle have to vehicle?

Accepted Answer

A motorcycle is a type of vehicle, making it a subordinate category under the broader category of vehicles.

Question 4

The metaphors people often use tend to be mapped to the _____ level of categorization.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The metaphors people often use tend to...

Question 5

As you well know, numerous psychologists believe that behavior and physiology are linked. Which one is true with regard to categorization?

Accepted Answer

Superordinate categorization is thought to occur in the left prefrontal cortex whereas categorization at the subordinate level occurs in the right prefrontal cortex.

Question 6

The use of specific terms to categorize at the basic level is thought to be affected by:

Accepted Answer

The use of specific terms to categorize at the basic level is influenced by a person's knowledge, cultural background, and the context or situation in which the categorization occurs.

Question 7

The example of the Australian aborigines grouping women, fire, and dangerous things into a single category was meant to show:

Accepted Answer

This example illustrates how cultural factors influence the way people categorize and perceive the world around them.

Question 8

When comparing college students from New Mexico to Manu farmers from Africa, it was found that:

Accepted Answer

Both A and B were found to be true.

Question 9

With regard to the extent to which culture influences the categorization of objects, it can be said that:

Accepted Answer

East Asians often use exemplar- and prototype-based categorization, focusing on relationships and context, while North Americans tend to use rule-based categorization, focusing on individual attributes.

Question 10

The process by which people generate and evaluate arguments and beliefs is called:

Accepted Answer

Reasoning is the process of generating and evaluating arguments and beliefs, involving logical thinking and analysis.

Question 11

Which of the following types of reasoning is based on the use of specific observations to generate propositions?

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning is based on the use of specific observations to generate propositions.

Question 12

I notice that those students who arrive to class at least ten minutes before the class officially begins perform much better than those who arrive late. I conclude that grades are influenced by the time of arrival. I have used:

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning involves making generalizations based on specific observations or examples. In this case, the conclusion about grades being influenced by arrival time is drawn from observing the performance of students who arrive early versus late.

Question 13

It is possible to reason, at the start, with an idea rather than an observation. This is:

Accepted Answer

Deductive reasoning starts with a general idea or theory and then moves to specific observations or conclusions.

Question 14

A syllogism is a form of:

Accepted Answer

A syllogism is a form of deductive reasoning, which is a type of logical reasoning that draws a conclusion from a set of premises.

Question 15

The authors of your textbook raise the question, "Are deduction and induction really distinct processes?" Their answer is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The authors of your textbook raise the...

Question 16

The process by which people understand a novel situation in terms of a familiar one is called _____ reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Analogical reasoning is the process of understanding a novel situation in terms of a familiar one.

Question 17

Reasoning is thought to take many forms. Which one is NOT a form of reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Phenomenologic is not a form of reasoning; it refers to a philosophical approach that focuses on the subjective experience of phenomena.

Question 18

If I have the ability to categorize novel situations, to make inferences, and to solve problems, then I have demonstrated my ability to use:

Accepted Answer

The answer of If I have the ability to categorize...

Question 19

Those who argue that the United States should get out of Iraq before it becomes "another Vietnam" are engaging in:

Accepted Answer

Reasoning by analogy involves comparing two different situations and suggesting that because they are similar in some respects, they will be similar in others. Here, the situation in Iraq is being compared to the Vietnam War.

Question 20

In order to correctly and accurately use analogical reasoning:

Accepted Answer

Analogical reasoning requires that the familiar and novel situations have elements that can be mapped onto each other, allowing for a meaningful comparison.

Quiz 7: Thought and Language