Question 1

Aristotle claims that human beings are born virtuous.

Accepted Answer

Aristotle believed that humans are not born virtuous but have the potential to develop virtue through habit and practice.

Question 2

According to Aristotle, the highest good must be something that is desired for its own sake.

Accepted Answer

Aristotle believed that the highest good, which he identified as eudaimonia or happiness, is desired for its own sake and not for the sake of anything else.

Question 3

Mencius claims that human beings are born in a state of sin.

Accepted Answer

Mencius, a Confucian philosopher, believed that human nature is inherently good, not sinful.

Question 4

Mencius' views on human nature are nearly identical to the views of Aristotle.

Accepted Answer

Mencius believed in the inherent goodness of human nature, while Aristotle believed that humans are born as a blank slate and develop virtues through practice and habituation.

Question 5

According to Kant, the consequences of an action are irrelevant to its moral worth.

Accepted Answer

Kant's moral philosophy, known as deontological ethics, asserts that the morality of an action is based on whether it adheres to a rule or duty, rather than its consequences.

Question 6

Kant argues that we have a duty not to take our own lives.

Accepted Answer

Kant's moral philosophy, particularly in his work "Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals," posits that suicide is morally impermissible because it violates the categorical imperative, which requires that actions respect the inherent dignity and rationality of human beings.

Question 7

According to Bentham, the same principle can be used to decide among individual actions and governmental regulations.

Accepted Answer

Bentham's utilitarianism suggests that the principle of utility, which seeks the greatest happiness for the greatest number, can be applied to both individual actions and governmental policies.

Question 8

Bentham claims that only a person who has good intentions can be happy.

Accepted Answer

Bentham's philosophy, utilitarianism, suggests that happiness is determined by the greatest pleasure for the greatest number, not solely by an individual's intentions.

Question 9

Varona argues that all religious beliefs should be rejected.

Accepted Answer

There is no widely recognized figure named Varona known for arguing that all religious beliefs should be rejected.

Question 10

According to Varona, it is not possible to conceive of humans outside the social state.

Accepted Answer

Varona argues that humans are inherently social beings and cannot be understood outside the context of their social interactions and relationships.

Question 11

Radhakrishnan argues that an ethical theory must be grounded on a certain view of the nature of knowledge and reality.

Accepted Answer

Radhakrishnan, a philosopher, believed that ethical theories should be based on a comprehensive understanding of knowledge and reality, integrating metaphysical and epistemological perspectives.

Question 12

Radhakrishnan can be correctly classified as a utilitarian.

Accepted Answer

Radhakrishnan is known for his work in Indian philosophy and is not typically classified as a utilitarian, which is a Western ethical theory focused on the greatest happiness principle.

Question 13

Schweitzer says that all living things have the capacity for compassion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Schweitzer says that all living things have...

Question 14

Schweitzer does not believe that the highest human good lies in happiness.

Accepted Answer

Albert Schweitzer believed that the highest human good lies in reverence for life and ethical living, rather than in the pursuit of personal happiness.

Question 15

Wong is a strong defender of universalism.

Accepted Answer

There is no specific information available about an individual named Wong being a strong defender of universalism.

Question 16

Wong argues that we are never justified in judging others.

Accepted Answer

Wong's argument is not about never being justified in judging others, but rather about the complexities and potential pitfalls in making moral judgments, emphasizing understanding and context.

Question 17

Nietzsche claims that there are two fundamentally different types of morality.

Accepted Answer

Nietzsche distinguishes between "master morality" and "slave morality," which he describes as two opposing moral frameworks.

Question 18

According to Nietzsche, compassion is one of the basic moral values associated with master morality.

Accepted Answer

Nietzsche associates compassion with slave morality, not master morality. Master morality values strength and power, while slave morality values traits like compassion and kindness.

Question 19

According to McGaa/Eagle Man, all good things come from the sacred directions.

Accepted Answer

McGaa/Eagle Man, a Native American author, emphasizes the importance of the sacred directions in his teachings, suggesting that they are sources of wisdom and positive influences.

Question 20

McGaa/Eagle Man argues that fighting and war are never justified.

Accepted Answer

McGaa/Eagle Man, a Native American author, acknowledges that fighting and war can be justified in certain circumstances, such as self-defense or protecting one's community.

Quiz 4: Ethics