Question 1

Contiguous file allocation is inappropriate for general-purpose file systems because ________.

Accepted Answer

Contiguous file allocation requires files to occupy a set of contiguous blocks on disk. If a file grows beyond its initially allocated space and no adjacent free blocks are available, the file must be moved, which is inefficient and impractical for general-purpose file systems.

Question 2

Contiguous file allocation is most appropriate for ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Contiguous file allocation is most appropriate for...

Question 3

A block allocation scheme allocates files using ________.

Accepted Answer

Block allocation schemes allocate files using blocks of contiguous sectors to improve access speed and reduce fragmentation.

Question 4

Large block sizes generally ________ the number of I/O operations required to access file data; small block sizes generally ________ the amount of internal fragmentation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Large block sizes generally ________ the number...

Question 5

Microsoft's FAT file system uses a(n) ________ file allocation scheme.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Microsoft's FAT file system uses a(n) ________...

Question 6

An inode stores ________.

Accepted Answer

An inode stores a file's attributes, the addresses for some of a file's data blocks, and pointers to continuation index blocks, making all the options correct.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Indexed noncontiguous file allocation uses an index block to store pointers to all the blocks of a file, allowing direct access to any block with a small, bounded number of pointer accesses.

Question 8

Bitmaps allow the file type to ________ quickly; free lists enable the file system to ________ quickly.

Accepted Answer

Bitmaps allow the file type to find the first available block quickly; free lists enable the file system to find contiguous blocks quickly.

Question 9

Which one of the following statements about free space management techniques is false?

Accepted Answer

Free lists are not typically sorted by memory address; they are usually unsorted or sorted by some other criteria.

Question 10

Which one of the following statements about access control matrices is true?

Accepted Answer

The access control matrix is a model used to define the rights of each user to each file, where the entry a_ij is 1 if user i is allowed access to file j.

Question 11

Which of the following lists presents user classes in order from least restrictive to most restrictive?

Accepted Answer

The order from least restrictive to most restrictive is public, group, owner, as public has the least access, group has more, and owner has the most.

Question 12

Public access rights, by default, typically allow users to ________.

Accepted Answer

Public access rights typically allow users to read and execute a file, but not write it.

Question 13

________ typically are used when the sequence in which records are to be processed can be anticipated; ________ generally are used when the sequence in which records are to be processed cannot be anticipated.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ typically are used when the sequence...

Question 14

Memory-mapped files ________.

Accepted Answer

Memory-mapped files map file data to a process's virtual address space, allowing applications to access files as if they were part of the process's memory, which simplifies application programming.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about backup operations is false?

Accepted Answer

Physical backups are not typically used for restoring individual files; they are more suited for complete system or disk restoration.

Question 16

Which type of backup would be best suited for a mission-critical system that modifies a small number of files between backups?

Accepted Answer

Frequent incremental backups are ideal for mission-critical systems with minimal file changes, as they save time and storage by only backing up modified files since the last backup.

Question 17

Transaction-based logging reduces the risk of data loss by using ________ transactions, which perform a group of operations in their entirety, or not at all.

Accepted Answer

Atomic transactions ensure that a series of operations are completed fully or not executed at all, reducing the risk of data loss.

Question 18

If an error occurs that prevents a transaction from completing, transaction-based logging allows the system to "________" the system to the state before the transaction began.

Accepted Answer

Transaction-based logging allows the system to "roll back" to the state before the transaction began, ensuring data integrity by undoing any partial changes made during the transaction.

Question 19

Because data is written ________ in an LFS, each write times generally ________ compared to traditional file systems.

Accepted Answer

In a Log-Structured File System (LFS), data is written sequentially, which generally decreases write times compared to traditional file systems that may require nonsequential writes.

Question 20

Which one of the following statements about file servers and distributed systems is false?

Accepted Answer

NFS (Network File System) is designed to be platform-independent, allowing computers with different operating systems to share files over a network.

Quiz 13: Understanding File Systems and Database Systems: a Comprehensive Overview