Question 1

Sullivan regarded personality as:
A) relatively enduring and shaped by interpersonal relationships
B) shaped primarily by biological factors
C) inconsistent over time due to progress through psychosexual stages
D) easily influenced by new experiences

Accepted Answer

Sullivan believed that personality is relatively enduring and is significantly shaped by interpersonal relationships, emphasizing the social aspects of personality development.

Question 2

The idea that other people influence our emotions and we in turn influence their emotions is the:
A) theorem of reciprocal emotions
B) interpersonal circumplex
C) interpersonal affective loop
D) projective hypothesis

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

This theorist was an only child who was very isolated and lonely during his childhood. He grew up to develop an interpersonal theory of personality, and in his writings he stated that social interaction with siblings was so important that only children have little hope of attaining full personality development. The name of this theorist is_______________
A) Eysenck
B) Sullivan
C) B.F. Skinner
D) Bandura

Accepted Answer

Harry Stack Sullivan developed the interpersonal theory of personality and emphasized the importance of social interactions, including those with siblings, for personality development.

Question 4

According to Sullivan, the _______________is the unknown and unintegrated aspects of ourselves that are often repressed.
A) shadow.
B) blind spot.
C) not me
D) stranger me

Accepted Answer

Sullivan's concept of the "not me" refers to the parts of ourselves that are disowned or repressed, often because they are anxiety-provoking or unacceptable to our self-image.

Question 5

Sullivan's concept of _______________provided the early theoretical basis for contemporary research on the self and cognitive processing of interpersonal information in the self in relation to others.
A) attributions.
B) five factor theory
C) attachment
D) personifications

Accepted Answer

Sullivan's concept of personifications refers to the mental images and representations that individuals form about themselves and others, which influence interpersonal relationships and cognitive processing.

Question 6

According to Sullivan, ___________are formed early in life and are used as a guide that assists us with the perception of current relationships, and influences our perceptions of the self, others, and the self in relationships.
A) attachments
B) personifications
C) expectations
D) schemas

Accepted Answer

Sullivan's theory suggests that personifications are mental images or representations formed early in life that influence how we perceive ourselves and others in relationships.

Question 7

Sullivan has been criticized for providing a theory that:
A) is abstract and difficult to test via empirical research.
B) is so specific that it has a very narrow application.
C) is overly focused on observable behaviour.
D) focuses too much on cognitive factors while ignoring emotional aspects of human functioning.

Accepted Answer

Sullivan's theory has been criticized for being abstract and difficult to test empirically, as it deals with complex interpersonal relationships and psychological constructs that are not easily measurable.

Question 8

Sullivan deserves credit for:
A) being the first personality theorist to consider cognitive factors
B) being the first personality theorist to break away from orthodox Freudian theory
C) setting the stage for subsequent work on agency and communion
D) being among the first in his time to provide a personality theory that is highly testable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sullivan deserves credit for:
A) being the first...

Question 9

Following on the heels of Timothy Leary, Carson introduced the complementarity principle. According to the complementarity principle:
A) some people bring out the best qualities in others.
B) opposites attract and bring out the less developed sides of each other.
C) the specific type of interpersonal behaviour expressed by one person will elicit the polar opposite behaviour from another person.
D) interpersonal behaviour expressed by one person will trigger very similar behaviour from the other person

Accepted Answer

The complementarity principle suggests that the interpersonal behavior of one person will elicit the opposite behavior from another person, creating a complementary dynamic.

Question 10

Justin has noticed that he acts submissively only when he is with his friend Andrew, who is highly domineering.
A) Justin would score high on Hegleson's measure of unmitigated communion.
B) Justin's behaviour is consistent with Carson's complementarity principle.
C) Justin has low self-esteem.
D) Justin exhibits unmitigated agency when with Andrew.

Accepted Answer

Justin's behavior aligns with Carson's complementarity principle, which suggests that people tend to respond to others in a complementary manner, such as submissiveness in response to dominance.

Question 11

According to David Bakan, a high degree of ______________ reflects nurturance, warmth, solidarity and unity with other people; a low degree of ____________ involves dissociation, remoteness, and perhaps coldness.
A) agency/communion
B) agency/agency
C) communion/communion
D) communion/agency

Accepted Answer

David Bakan's theory suggests that a high degree of communion reflects nurturance, warmth, solidarity, and unity with others, while a low degree of communion involves dissociation, remoteness, and coldness.

Question 12

Tony is a workaholic who is arrogant, dictatorial, selfish, and self-promoting. According to Helgeson and Fritz, Tony's behaviour represents:
A) unmitigated agency.
B) social dominance orientation.
C) unmitigated communion.
D) authoritarianism.

Accepted Answer

Unmitigated agency refers to a focus on the self to the exclusion of others, characterized by traits such as arrogance, selfishness, and self-promotion, which aligns with Tony's behavior.

Question 13

Marissa is highly nurturing, and always sacrifices her own needs for others. Robert works long hours and is described by others as boastful, egotistical, greedy, and hostile. According to research by Helgeson and Fritz, Marisa is at risk of _________________ and Robert is at risk of ____________________________.
A) depression/burnout
B) low social support and poor health/low social support and poor health.
C) resentment/loneliness
D) cancer/heart disease

Accepted Answer

The answer of Marissa is highly nurturing, and always sacrifices...

Question 14

On the interpersonal circumplex, Tammy received seven scores near the outside perimeter. This result suggests an interpersonal style that is:
A) intense, rigid, and inflexible.
B) bold and flamboyant.
C) easy-going and happy-go-lucky.
D) odd and socially isolated.

Accepted Answer

Scores near the outside perimeter of the interpersonal circumplex indicate extreme levels of interpersonal traits, suggesting an intense, rigid, and inflexible style.

Question 15

The Interpersonal Adjective Scales and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems are typically used to assess:
A) agency.
B) authoritarianism.
C) the interpersonal circumplex.
D) social dominance orientation.

Accepted Answer

The Interpersonal Adjective Scales and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems are tools used to assess the interpersonal circumplex, which maps interpersonal behaviors and traits.

Question 16

Gallo, Smith and Cox, used a circumplex measure that is based on interpersonal messages involved in social interactions. They found that:
A) people with lower SES saw their environments as high in hostility and low in friendliness.
B) people with chronic health problems saw their environments as high in dangerousness.
C) people with higher SES were more dominant.
D) only children scored in the average range on popularity.

Accepted Answer

People with lower socioeconomic status (SES) often perceive their environments as more hostile and less friendly due to various stressors and challenges associated with lower SES.

Question 17

Research using the interpersonal circumplex has found all but the following:
A) other-oriented perfectionism was associated with dominance and hostility.
B) socially prescribed perfectionism in women was associated with a variety of interpersonal problems
C) socially prescribed perfectionists had an interpersonal style suggesting a high degree of dependency
D) other-oriented perfectionists were better liked than those low in other-oriented perfectionism

Accepted Answer

Research using the interpersonal circumplex has not found that other-oriented perfectionists were better liked than those low in other-oriented perfectionism. This statement is not supported by the findings, making it the exception among the choices.

Question 18

The ___________________________ can be used to measure individuals, samples of participants, or situations.
A) Interpersonal Relationship Inventory
B) Multidimensional Perfectionism scale
C) Interpersonal Circumplex
D) MACH-IV scale

Accepted Answer

The Interpersonal Circumplex can be used to measure individuals, samples of participants, or situations.

Question 19

In the first season of the reality show Survivor, Richard Hatch won the contest (and one million dollars) by being deceitful and manipulative. Hatch is considered to be high in the personality construct of:
A) authoritarianism.
B) fascism.
C) Machiavellianism.
D) egotism.

Accepted Answer

Machiavellianism refers to a personality trait characterized by manipulation, deceit, and a focus on self-interest and personal gain, which aligns with Richard Hatch's strategy in Survivor.

Question 20

_________________ is correlated with low agreeableness, cynicism, hypercompetitiveness, alienation, and antisocial behaviour. People who are high in this attribute are especially successful at manipulation in face-to-face situations.
A) Egotism
B) Fascism
C) Authoritarianism
D) Machiavellianism

Accepted Answer

Machiavellianism is associated with low agreeableness, cynicism, hypercompetitiveness, alienation, and antisocial behavior. It involves a manipulative interpersonal style, often successful in face-to-face interactions.

Quiz 10: Interpersonal Theories and Interpersonal Styles

Sullivan regarded personality as:

The idea that other people influence our emotions and we in turn influence their emotions is the:

According to Sullivan, the _______________is the unknown and unintegrated aspects of ourselves that are often repressed.

Sullivan's concept of _______________provided the early theoretical basis for contemporary research on the self and cognitive processing of interpersonal information in the self in relation to others.

According to Sullivan, ___________are formed early in life and are used as a guide that assists us with the perception of current relationships, and influences our perceptions of the self, others, and the self in relationships.

Sullivan has been criticized for providing a theory that:

Sullivan deserves credit for:

Following on the heels of Timothy Leary, Carson introduced the complementarity principle. According to the complementarity principle:

Justin has noticed that he acts submissively only when he is with his friend Andrew, who is highly domineering.

According to David Bakan, a high degree of __ reflects nurturance, warmth, solidarity and unity with other people; a low degree of involves dissociation, remoteness, and perhaps coldness.

Tony is a workaholic who is arrogant, dictatorial, selfish, and self-promoting. According to Helgeson and Fritz, Tony's behaviour represents:

Marissa is highly nurturing, and always sacrifices her own needs for others. Robert works long hours and is described by others as boastful, egotistical, greedy, and hostile. According to research by Helgeson and Fritz, Marisa is at risk of _ and Robert is at risk of ____________.

On the interpersonal circumplex, Tammy received seven scores near the outside perimeter. This result suggests an interpersonal style that is:

The Interpersonal Adjective Scales and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems are typically used to assess:

Gallo, Smith and Cox, used a circumplex measure that is based on interpersonal messages involved in social interactions. They found that:

Research using the interpersonal circumplex has found all but the following:

The ___________________________ can be used to measure individuals, samples of participants, or situations.

In the first season of the reality show Survivor, Richard Hatch won the contest (and one million dollars) by being deceitful and manipulative. Hatch is considered to be high in the personality construct of:

_________________ is correlated with low agreeableness, cynicism, hypercompetitiveness, alienation, and antisocial behaviour. People who are high in this attribute are especially successful at manipulation in face-to-face situations.