What is the "Hawthorne effect"?

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The Hawthorne effect is an increase in employee output caused by almost any management action which makes workers believe that they are receiving special attention. It is named after the series of experiments conducted by Elton Mayo and his colleagues at the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Company in the 1920s and 1930s. The experiments showed that employees' productivity increased when they received attention from management or when changes were made to their work environment, regardless of whether the changes were positive or negative.

What Is the "Hawthorne Effect