Question 1

Power that uses force to accomplish obedience is

Accepted Answer

Power that uses force to accomplish obedience is considered illegitimate because it violates the rights and freedoms of individuals and goes against the principles of democracy and human rights. Legitimate power is based on consent and cooperation rather than coercion and violence.

Question 2

Which of the following does NOT describe the typical charismatic leader?

Accepted Answer

Charismatic leaders typically have a strong hold over their followers and inspire devotion, and their power is derived from their personal characteristics. However, they do not typically determine to whom they will transfer power. Instead, their power is often short-lived due to its dependence on their personality and personal qualities rather than institutional or structural support.

Question 3

Power that is accepted voluntarily is ________ power.

Accepted Answer

Legitimate power refers to power that is accepted voluntarily due to the belief that the person or entity in power has the right to wield it. This can include elected officials, parents, employers, and other figures who are seen as having the authority to exercise their power in a just and fair manner.

Question 4

Long-term hostages tend to identify with their captor's point of view over time and voluntarily comply with their demands. This phenomenon is called

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described is called the Stockholm Syndrome. It describes the tendency for hostages to develop an empathetic and positive bond with their captors, resulting in compliance with their demands. The name originated from a bank robbery in Stockholm, Sweden, where hostages took part in actions on behalf of their captors, even after being released.

Question 5

Based on Max Weber's understanding of status, people who are wealthy and powerful

Accepted Answer

Weber believed that there were three dimensions of social stratification: class, status, and power. Status refers to the honor or prestige that an individual receives from others in society. While wealth and power can contribute to one's status, it is not guaranteed. Therefore, people who are wealthy and powerful can have low status depending on how they are perceived by others in society.

Question 6

Power that sets rules for others to follow is referred to as ________ power.

Accepted Answer

Political power refers to the power that is exercised by government or other political entities. It involves setting rules and regulations that individuals and organizations are required to follow. Political power can be used to shape social, economic, and cultural outcomes, and is often enforced through legal sanctions or other forms of coercion. This type of power is distinct from other forms of power, such as economic or cultural power, which may also influence behavior but do not necessarily involve the same level of formal authority or institutional backing.

Question 7

The queen of England's power is legitimate because it is based on what kind of authority?

Accepted Answer

The queen of England's power is based on traditional authority, which is established by custom and tradition. This type of authority is based on the belief in the legitimacy of long-standing customs, practices, and institutions. In the case of the British monarchy, the queen's authority is legitimized by the long history and tradition of the monarchy in England.

Question 8

Wealthy women CEOs enjoy the privileges of their class and status, but at the same time have to contend with the lower status women are assigned in the male-dominated business environment. Which theory of power best addresses this contradiction?

Accepted Answer

Patricia Hill Collins' intersectionality theory highlights how multiple dimensions of social identities like race, gender, class, and sexuality intersect and impact an individual's experiences of power and oppression. In the case of wealthy women CEOs, their class and status provide them with certain privileges, but their gender still subjects them to lower status and discrimination in the male-dominated business environment.

Question 9

________ is based on the acceptance of rules and laws.

Accepted Answer

Rational-legal authority is based on the acceptance of rules and laws. This type of authority is based on the legitimacy of formal rules and the position of individuals within a hierarchy. It is commonly found in modern democracies and is often associated with bureaucracy and the rule of law. Legal power (A) may be a component of rational-legal authority, but it is not the sole basis for this type of authority. Traditional authority (B) is based on custom and tradition rather than formal rules and laws. Political power (D) refers to the ability to influence or control decisions and actions, but it does not necessarily require the acceptance of rules and laws.

Question 10

Which type of power is based on the ability to define social reality?

Accepted Answer

Cultural power refers to the ability to define social reality through cultural norms, values, and beliefs. It involves shaping the collective understanding of what is considered acceptable or unacceptable, normal or abnormal, moral or immoral. By controlling cultural narratives, symbols, and practices, those who hold cultural power can influence how people think, feel, and behave, and thereby maintain their dominance over others.

Question 11

Max Weber defined a person's status as

Accepted Answer

Max Weber believed that a person's status was an independent and distinct concept from their class. While a person's class may impact their status, it is not the only factor that determines it, as status can also involve factors such as prestige, education, occupation, and lifestyle. Therefore, option D is the best choice.

Question 12

Power whose legitimacy depends on a personal characteristic of the leader is referred to as ________ authority.

Accepted Answer

Charismatic authority is a type of power that relies on the personal appeal and charisma of the leader, rather than on institutional or bureaucratic positions. It is often associated with leaders who have exceptional qualities or abilities that inspire loyalty and devotion among followers. This type of authority is particularly prevalent in religious or political contexts, where leaders are revered for their extraordinary qualities and abilities. Devotional authority is a similar concept, but it specifically refers to the authority of religious leaders who are seen as having a direct connection with deities or spiritual forces. Inspirational authority is a more general term that refers to any type of power that is based on the ability to inspire and motivate others. Traditional authority is another type of power that is based on long-standing customs and traditions, rather than on personal characteristics of the leader.

Question 13

________ is a condition that exists when those in power have successfully spread their ideas-and marginalized alternative viewpoints-so that their perspectives and interests are accepted widely as being universal and true.

Accepted Answer

Hegemony is the term used to describe the condition when a dominant group is able to spread their ideologies, values, and beliefs to the extent that they are accepted as the norm and upheld as the ultimate truth. This results in the marginalization of alternative perspectives and legitimizes the power of the dominant group over others.

Question 14

The most effective way to resist power for those who are weak and low in status, power, and resources is

Accepted Answer

Collective disobedience involves a large group of people refusing to comply with certain laws or power structures which can create a significant impact in dismantling the power of those who hold authority. It is a non-violent form of resistance that can be used by those who are weak and low in status, power, and resources to create change. Indirect confrontation or demonstration of revolt may lead to violent responses and harm to those who are already vulnerable. Education can be an important tool for resistance, but without practical action, it may not yield immediate and tangible results.

Question 15

Max Weber defined legitimate power as based on

Accepted Answer

Weber believed that legitimate power is based on the acceptance of and belief in authority, rather than just being accountable to a constituency or being accepted by the majority. This means that individuals view those in authority as having a right to command and that they are willing to comply with their directives. While democratic elections may be one way to establish legitimate power, it's not the only way, and the belief in authority is more critical in this context.

Question 16

Patricia Hill Collins's concept of a matrix of domination is best described as

Accepted Answer

Collins's matrix of domination refers to the multidimensional oppression that results from the intersections of various social categories such as race, gender, class, sexuality, and nationality. It is not a silent conspiracy, hidden domination, or indirect oppression, but rather a visible and tangible system of power relations that shapes individuals' experiences and opportunities. Therefore, option B is the most accurate description of the concept.

Question 17

The power of the president of the United States is legitimate because it is based on what kind of authority?

Accepted Answer

The power of the president of the United States is based on rational-legal authority, which is derived from laws and regulations that define the powers and limitations of government officials. This type of authority is considered legitimate because it is based on a set of established rules and procedures, rather than the personal qualities or popularity of the individual in power.

Question 18

What does it mean to say a category is "socially constructed"?

Accepted Answer

A socially constructed category is one that is created and defined by society and can change over time. It is dependent upon society's definition and is continually revised, making it changeable. Therefore, all of the answer choices are correct.

Question 19

According to Dorothy Smith's "standpoint theory," people view society and power from

Accepted Answer

Dorothy Smith's standpoint theory suggests that people view society and power from the perspective of their social group, which is shaped by their experiences, history, and cultural background. This perspective is not necessarily biased, but instead offers a unique and valuable viewpoint that may be overlooked by dominant groups. Smith's theory opposes the individualistic perspective commonly used in traditional social science research.

Question 20

________ theory focuses on multiple viewpoints, especially the perspectives of the oppressed.

Accepted Answer

Standpoint theory emphasizes the importance of considering the perspectives and experiences of marginalized and oppressed individuals and groups. It suggests that our understanding and knowledge of the world are shaped by our social and cultural positions, and that those who are in marginalized positions have unique insights into the workings of power and oppression. This theory encourages us to consider multiple viewpoints and to prioritize the perspectives of those who have been historically silenced or ignored.

Quiz 5: Power