Recall That the "Trucking" Game (Deutsch & Krauss, 1960, 1962)

Recall that the "trucking" game (Deutsch & Krauss, 1960, 1962) puts participants in a conflict situation. Each participant wants to get his or her truck to the destination as quickly as possible. Deutsch and Krauss introduced a novel twist; they sometimes gave one participant a gate with which to threaten an opponent; other times, they gave both participants such a gate, and still other times, neither participant had a gate with which to threaten his or her opponent. What happened?

A) When only one participant wielded a threat (used the gate to block the opponent) , the person with the gate won more money.
B) When both participants wielded threats (used gates to block their opponents) , they negotiated and reached a cooperative arrangement.
C) When both participants could wield threats, both sides lost money.
D) When only one participant could wield a threat, only the one without a gate lost money.