Question 1

Why was it informative for researchers to study the proximate causation of Daphnia switching reproductive tactics in the laboratory?

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

You decide to study two species of birds,both of which form monogamous pairs (one male and one female).In species 1,you find that the eggs in a pair's nest are in fact almost always the offspring of that pair.In species 2,you are surprised to find that many of the eggs in a nest were actually fathered by males of neighboring pairs.Apparently,mating outside of monogamous pairings is widespread in species 2.Given this information,what would be the logical prediction to make before comparing testis size of males of the two species?

Accepted Answer

Species 2 has a higher chance of sperm competition due to the potential for mating outside of monogamous pairings. As a result, males of species 2 are more likely to have larger testes in order to increase their chances of fertilizing eggs. Therefore, it is predicted that testes of species 2 are larger than testes of species 1.

Question 3

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of events for sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

In sexual reproduction, meiosis produces gametes, which then fuse to form a zygote. The zygote undergoes mitosis to develop into an embryo.

Question 4

Secretions from which part of the male reproductive anatomy in humans produces molecules that stimulate smooth muscle contractions in the uterus of females?

Accepted Answer

Seminal vesicles produce prostaglandins, which stimulate smooth muscle contractions in the uterus of females.

Question 5

During oogenesis meiosis results in four equally sized cells that stop dividing in meiosis I.

Accepted Answer

During oogenesis, meiosis produces one large primary oocyte that undergoes meiosis I to produce two unequal daughter cells, one large secondary oocyte and one small polar body. The secondary oocyte then undergoes meiosis II, which produces one egg and one polar body. Therefore, a total of one mature egg and three polar bodies are produced.

Question 6

What is a difference between a viviparous and an ovoviviparous species?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a difference between a viviparous...

Question 7

In an animal that switches between sexual and asexual reproduction,when is sexual reproduction more likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction is more likely to occur under unfavorable conditions as it increases genetic diversity, which can enhance survival in changing environments.

Question 8

Which of the following correctly describes the reproduction of males in Daphnia?

Accepted Answer

Daphnia males are produced asexually from unfertilized eggs, which is a form of parthenogenesis. This is a common reproductive strategy in this genus, allowing for rapid population growth under certain conditions.

Question 9

Which of the following is not an example of asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization involves the fusion of gametes from two individuals, which is a form of sexual reproduction. Parthenogenesis, budding, and binary fission are all examples of asexual reproduction.

Question 10

By what mechanism does a second male mating with a female gain an advantage in sperm competition in some insects?

Accepted Answer

In some insects, the accessory fluids from a second male's semen can displace stored sperm from competing males, giving the second male an advantage in sperm competition. This mechanism is known as "sperm displacement."

Question 11

Animals that have external fertilization are most likely to reproduce in which of the following areas?

Accepted Answer

Shallow lake provides a suitable environment for external fertilization in aquatic animals such as fish, amphibians, and some invertebrates. Sand dune, polar ice sheet, and tallgrass prairie are not environments suitable for external fertilization as they do not have water bodies required for aquatic reproduction.

Question 12

Which of the following is a challenge to the hypothesis that bats produce an unusually large number of sperm in order to increase the probability of conception when females engage in multiple matings?

Accepted Answer

Both A and B pose challenges to the hypothesis that increased sperm production in bats is solely due to female promiscuity. Female bats have the ability to selectively eject sperm from certain males after mating and also have control over which male they mate with last, which may affect the likelihood of fertilization with a particular sperm. Thus, other factors aside from female promiscuity may play a role in the evolution of increased sperm production in bats.

Question 13

Aquatic animals that rely on external fertilization for reproduction have a low probability of successful fertilization.Which one of the following is not used by aquatic animals to increase the success of external fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Moving onto land for fertilization is not a method used by aquatic animals to increase the success of external fertilization. This is because terrestrial environments are not suitable for aquatic animals and their reproductive processes. The other options listed are methods used by aquatic animals to increase the probability of successful fertilization.

Question 14

Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to their parent.What type of cell division occurs to generate this type of offspring?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction involves mitosis, which results in two identical daughter cells, each with the same genetic information as the parent cell. Meiosis, on the other hand, results in the production of haploid cells with half the genetic information of the parent cell, which can then combine with another haploid cell through sexual reproduction to create genetically diverse offspring.

Question 15

Why does external fertilization typically occur much more often in aquatic animals than in terrestrial animals?

Accepted Answer

External fertilization requires the gametes to be released into the environment, usually in water, where they must be kept wet to avoid desiccation. This is not as much of a concern for terrestrial animals as it is for aquatic animals. Hydrophobia and the need for large numbers of gametes may be factors as well but are not the primary reason why external fertilization occurs more often in aquatic animals.

Question 16

Fertilization of the egg takes place in the _____.

Accepted Answer

Fertilization of the egg by the sperm typically occurs in the fallopian tube, also known as the oviduct. The egg is released from the ovary and travels through the fallopian tube where it may encounter and fuse with a sperm cell.

Question 17

What makes sexually reproduced offspring genetically different from their parents?

Accepted Answer

Genetic recombination during meiosis is the process by which homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, resulting in new combinations of genes in the offspring. This is what makes sexually reproduced offspring genetically different from their parents. Option B and C are incorrect because genetic recombination only occurs during meiosis and not mitosis. Option D is incorrect because sexual reproduction does produce genetically different offspring due to genetic recombination during meiosis.

Question 18

Which of the following structures in females is analogous in function to the vas deferens in males?

Accepted Answer

The oviduct, also known as the fallopian tube, is the structure in females that is analogous in function to the vas deferens in males. Both structures are responsible for transporting gametes (sperm or egg) from their respective gonads to the site of fertilization. The urethra, vagina, cervix, and uterus have different functions in the female reproductive system.

Question 19

Which of the following correctly describes a difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Spermatogenesis produces four mature sperm cells from each precursor cell, while oogenesis produces one mature egg cell and polar bodies from each precursor cell.

Question 20

On a submarine expedition to the ocean bottom,you discover a population of fish that are only female.What type of reproduction does this fish use?

Accepted Answer

Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction in which offspring are produced without the need for fertilization by a male. This type of reproduction is common in some species of fish, such as hammerhead sharks and blacktip sharks, and could potentially produce a population of only female fish.

Quiz 48: Animal Reproduction