Question 1

Which of these was NOT one of the key principles that shaped the peace negotiations at the Congress of Vienna?

Accepted Answer

Self-determination was not one of the key principles that shaped the peace negotiations at the Congress of Vienna. The other three principles - legitimacy, compensation, and balance of power - were crucial in guiding the negotiations and shaping the post-Napoleonic world order. Self-determination became a more prominent principle later in the 19th and 20th centuries as nationalist movements sought to break away from empires and establish their own states.

Question 2

Olympe de Gouges advocated the overthrow of monarchy and the creation of a democracy in which women could vote and serve.

Accepted Answer

Olympe de Gouges was a French playwright and political activist who advocated for women's rights, but she did not specifically call for the overthrow of the monarchy. She is best known for her "Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen" which called for gender equality.

Question 3

How did the Haitian Revolution differ from the American and French Revolutions?

Accepted Answer

The Haitian Revolution was more social than political and more racial, as it was driven by the desire for freedom among enslaved Africans and Afro-Caribbeans in the French colony of Saint-Domingue. Unlike the American and French Revolutions, which were focused primarily on political and economic issues, the Haitian Revolution was primarily concerned with the abolition of slavery and the establishment of racial equality.

Question 4

Napoleon signed the Concordat because he

Accepted Answer

Napoleon signed the Concordat to preserve Catholicism as a social force in France. This agreement recognized Catholicism as the majority religion in France and allowed for the appointment of bishops and the reopening of churches. It also established that the French state had the power to nominate bishops and the Pope had the power to confirm them. This helped Napoleon strengthen his relations with the Catholic Church and gain support from the French people, who were predominantly Catholic at the time.

Question 5

Which government was the most restrictive for women?

Accepted Answer

The Consulate, established by Napoleon Bonaparte, was the most restrictive for women, as it reinforced traditional gender roles and limited women's rights significantly through the Napoleonic Code.

Question 6

In which of these actions did Napoleon disappoint hopes that he would carry out the principles of the French Revolution?

Accepted Answer

Using elections to approve his decisions after the fact showed that Napoleon was not fully committed to the principles of democracy and popular sovereignty, which were central to the French Revolution. It suggested that he was more interested in consolidating his own power than in promoting a truly representative government.

Question 7

On Saint-Domingue, "people of color" were

Accepted Answer

"People of color" referred to those of mixed race, often born to slave women and white slave owners. They were not all slaves, but many had been enslaved at some point in their lives. They made up a significant portion of the population, but not the majority.

Question 8

Olympe de Gouges argued for

Accepted Answer

The answer of Olympe de Gouges argued for
...

Question 9

Which of the following best illustrates the ideology of Metternich at Vienna?

Accepted Answer

Metternich was a conservative statesman who believed in the restoration of traditional monarchies and the suppression of liberal and nationalist movements. He opposed the ideals of the Enlightenment and saw them as a threat to the stability of European society. Therefore, the ideology of Metternich at Vienna can be best illustrated by choice C: European countries should return to their old leaders and royal families.

Question 10

The Congress System sought to maintain peace by ensuring French dominance

Accepted Answer

The Congress System, also known as the Concert of Europe, sought to maintain peace and balance of power among European nations, not to ensure French dominance. It was established after the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 and included periodic international conferences where European powers would meet to discuss and resolve any potential conflicts.

Question 11

Saint-Domingue is today known as

Accepted Answer

Saint-Domingue was a French colony located on the island of Hispaniola, which is now divided between Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Today, Saint-Domingue is largely associated with Haiti, which gained its independence from France in 1804 after a long period of rebellion and revolution.

Question 12

Which of the following describes the end of Toussaint L'Ouverture's career?

Accepted Answer

Toussaint L'Ouverture was defeated by the French and was captured and taken to a prison in France, where he died.

Question 13

After the defeat of Napoleon, the Congress of Vienna redrew national borders in Europe and restored regimes that had been ousted by Napoleon. Instead of restoring the Holy Roman Empire, the Congress created the

Accepted Answer

The Congress of Vienna did not restore the Holy Roman Empire but instead created the Germanic Confederation, a loose association of 39 German states. The Confederation was under the leadership of Austria and aimed to maintain the balance of power in Europe. Other choices (A, B, C) are not the best answer since they do not directly relate to the creation of the Germanic Confederation.

Question 14

The Tennis Court Oath was an agreement by the National Assembly to remain united until France had a written constitution.

Accepted Answer

The Tennis Court Oath was indeed an agreement made by the members of the National Assembly to remain united until France had a written constitution. The oath was taken on June 20, 1789, on a tennis court near the Palace of Versailles, after the king had locked them out of their usual meeting place. The oath is considered a significant event in the early stages of the French Revolution.

Question 15

Napoleon instituted numerous restrictions for women that lasted until 1947.

Accepted Answer

Napoleon's Civil Code of 1804, also known as the Napoleonic Code, significantly curtailed women's rights, including making them legally dependent on their husbands, and many of these restrictions remained in place in France until they were finally abolished in 1947.

Question 16

What was the main focus of the Continental System?

Accepted Answer

The main focus of the Continental System was to cut off British commerce with Europe by enforcing a blockade and preventing European countries from trading with Great Britain. This was a tactic used by Napoleon in his quest for military and economic dominance in Europe.

Question 17

Saint-Domingue became more important to France as a result of

Accepted Answer

The Seven Years War (1756–1763) significantly impacted the importance of Saint-Domingue (modern-day Haiti) to France. Before the war, the colony was already a valuable asset due to its production of sugar, coffee, and indigo. However, the conflict with Britain highlighted the colony's economic value as a source of revenue and its strategic importance in the Caribbean. The war disrupted European sugar supplies, making Saint-Domingue even more critical to France's economy.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes Russia's initial strategy in fighting Napoleon?

Accepted Answer

Russia's initial strategy was to fight defensively, knowing they couldn't match Napoleon's army in a traditional battle. They burned everything in their path, including their own capital city of Moscow, to deny resources to the invading French army and retreated deeper into Russia's large territory, hoping to wear down and starve out the enemy. This strategy, known as the "scorched-earth policy," was successful in the long run as it forced Napoleon to leave Russia due to the lack of supplies and the brutal Russian winter.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role and rights of women in the French Revolution?

Accepted Answer

Women were active participants in the French Revolution, involved in various events such as the March on Versailles. However, despite their involvement, they did not gain significant rights immediately following the revolution; for example, they were not granted the right to vote.

Question 20

Napoleon produced no heir with Josephine, so he divorced her and remarried.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Napoleon divorced Josephine because she could not bear him any children and he needed an heir to secure his dynasty. He then married Marie Louise of Austria and had a son with her.

Quiz 26: The North Atlantic Revolutions, 1750-1830