Question 1

Sigmund Freud speculated that human aggression springs from

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that human aggression originates from a self-destructive impulse, which he referred to as the death drive or "Thanatos."

Question 2

Review the research on aggression cues and violence.

Accepted Answer

Research on aggression cues and violence has consistently shown that exposure to certain cues can increase aggressive behavior in individuals. For example, studies have found that exposure to violent media, such as video games and movies, can lead to increased aggression in both laboratory settings and real-world contexts.

Additionally, research has also shown that certain environmental cues, such as weapons or aggressive language, can prime individuals for aggressive behavior. This has been demonstrated in various studies, including ones that have examined the effects of violent video games on aggression and those that have looked at the impact of weapon presence on aggressive behavior.

Furthermore, research has also explored the role of individual differences in responding to aggression cues. For example, some studies have found that individuals with certain personality traits, such as high levels of trait aggression or low levels of empathy, may be more susceptible to the influence of aggression cues.

Overall, the research on aggression cues and violence suggests that exposure to certain cues can increase aggressive behavior in individuals, and that this effect may be influenced by individual differences. This has important implications for understanding and preventing violence in various contexts, including the media, the home, and the community.

Question 3

The frustration-aggression theory is designed to explain

Accepted Answer

The frustration-aggression theory primarily explains hostile aggression, which is aggression driven by feelings of frustration and anger.

Question 4

In a psychology experiment, a group of volunteers are shown a violent short film that portrays the massacre of innocent victims. After the first viewing, the participants appear shocked and scared. However, after repeated viewing, the participants seem to enjoy the film. Some of them crack jokes and make rude remarks when viewing the film. In the context of the influences of aggression, this scenario illustrates

Accepted Answer

Desensitization refers to the reduced emotional responsiveness to a negative or aversive stimulus after repeated exposure to it. In this scenario, the participants initially react with shock and fear but later become less sensitive and even enjoy the film, indicating desensitization.

Question 5

According to Dugré et al. (2020), even _____ increases the likelihood of hostile, aggressive behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Dugré et al. (2020), even...

Question 6

How does pornography encourage distorted perceptions of sexual reality?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does pornography encourage distorted perceptions of...

Question 7

In contrast to Freud's view of aggression, Lorenz argued that aggression is

Accepted Answer

The answer of In contrast to Freud's view of aggression,...

Question 8

Most terrorism is ________ aggression.

Accepted Answer

Instrumental aggression is aggression that is used to achieve a goal, such as gaining power or control. Terrorism is often used to achieve political or ideological goals, so it is a form of instrumental aggression.

Question 9

Explain the effects found to be associated with playing video games.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the effects found to be associated...

Question 10

________ may explain why happiness tends to be lower and crime rates higher in countries with income inequality.

Accepted Answer

Relative deprivation refers to the perception of being worse off compared to others, which can lead to feelings of dissatisfaction and resentment, potentially explaining lower happiness and higher crime rates in countries with income inequality.

Question 11

According to Anderson et al., (2003), more than 100 experiments have confirmed that viewing violence

Accepted Answer

Anderson et al. (2003) concluded that viewing violence amplifies aggression, as supported by over 100 experiments.

Question 12

Explain Berkowitz's revised frustration-aggression theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain Berkowitz's revised frustration-aggression theory....

Question 13

In the context of aggression, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol can lower inhibitions and impair judgment, which can lead to increased aggression in some individuals.

Question 14

What is aggression? Based on your own experiences, give an example of hostile aggression and an example of instrumental aggression.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is aggression? Based on your own...

Question 15

In the context of the social learning approach to aggression, according to Baron (1977), threatened punishment can deter aggression only when

Accepted Answer

Threatened punishment can deter aggression effectively when it is strong and certain, as it creates a clear and immediate consequence for aggressive behavior, reducing its likelihood.

Question 16

Emma regularly watches violent television programs. In a particular scene in a soap opera, the protagonist accidentally spills water on the person seated next to him at the dinner table. After watching this scene, Emma concludes that the protagonist has done so intentionally. Whenever she hears words such as "shoot" and "target,"she is reminded of killing someone. Emma has started recognizing aggressive words more quickly that she did earlier. In the context of psychology, this scenario illustrates

Accepted Answer

Cognitive priming refers to the increased accessibility of certain thoughts or memories due to exposure to related stimuli, such as Emma's increased recognition of aggressive words after watching violent programs.

Question 17

Given that television and other forms of media have been shown to cause increased aggression, what do you think could be done to control this cause of violence? Be sure to mention evidence for or against the catharsis hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Given that television and other forms of...

Question 18

What arguments would you present in favor of strict gun laws?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What arguments would you present in favor...

Question 19

Define hostile aggression and instrumental aggression. Give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define hostile aggression and instrumental aggression. Give...

Quiz 10: Aggression