Question 1

Which of the following describes a standard test market?

Accepted Answer

A standard test market is one in which the firm tests the product or marketing-mix variables through the company's normal distribution channels. This means that the company releases its new product or service in a specific geographic area where it has a normal distribution system in place. The company then can observe consumer response to the product, monitor sales and adjust marketing efforts accordingly.

Question 2

Which of the following is a type of experiment mentioned in your textbook?

Accepted Answer

Both laboratory experiments and field experiments are mentioned in the textbook as types of experiments.

Question 3

________ is concerned with the extent to which the change in the dependent variable was actually due to the independent variable.

Accepted Answer

Internal validity relates to the extent to which a study's design and execution minimizes the risk of alternative explanations for the observed relationships between the independent and dependent variables. It is concerned with the extent to which the change in the dependent variable was actually due to the independent variable.

Question 4

What type of experimental validity is concerned with the extent that the relationship observed between the independent and dependent variable during the experiment IS generalizable to the real world?

Accepted Answer

External validity is concerned with the generalizability of the findings to the real world. It aims to ensure that the results obtained in the experiment can be applied to a wider population, context, or situation beyond the experimental setting. Internal validity, on the other hand, is concerned with establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between the independent and dependent variable within the experiment. Extraneous validity refers to the control of unwanted factors that could influence the outcome of the experiment. Causal validity is a broader concept that encompasses both internal and external validity and refers to the degree to which the experiment establishes a causal relationship that can be generalized to real-world settings. Face validity is concerned with whether the experiment appears to measure what it claims to measure.

Question 5

Which of the following symbols represents the experimental effect?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following symbols represents the...

Question 6

What makes an experimental design a "true" experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A "true" experimental design is one in which the independent variable is truly manipulated and the effects on the dependent variable are observed while controlling for any extraneous variables. It is essential for the researcher to control for any potential confounding variables that may affect the outcome measure. Therefore, option B describes a "true" experimental design.

Question 7

Which of the following designs represents the Before-After with Control Group design?

Accepted Answer

The Before-After with Control Group design is not accurately represented by any of the options provided. This design typically involves both a treatment group and a control group, with measurements taken before and after the intervention in both groups, which is not clearly depicted in any of the given choices.

Question 8

In an experiment,which type of variable does a researcher have control over and wish to manipulate?

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the variable that the researcher wishes to manipulate and has control over. This is the variable that is being tested to see if it has an effect on the dependent variable.

Question 9

A procedure for ensuring that the change in the dependent variable may be solely attributed to the change in the independent variable is called:

Accepted Answer

An experimental design includes procedures for controlling extraneous variables to ensure that the change in the dependent variable is solely attributed to the change in the independent variable. This is done by manipulating the independent variable, keeping all other variables constant, and measuring the effect on the dependent variable. Therefore, A) an experimental design is the best answer.

Question 10

Which of the following describes an electronic test market?

Accepted Answer

An electronic test market typically involves a panel of consumers who agree to use identification cards when making purchases, allowing for detailed tracking of buying behavior and responses to new products or marketing strategies.

Question 11

Which of the following symbols represents the measurement of the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

Typically in a graph, the dependent variable is represented on the y-axis and is marked with the symbol O.

Question 12

Which of the following is a potential use of test marketing?

Accepted Answer

Test marketing can be used to test the sales potential for a new product or service, as well as variations in the marketing mix, such as different pricing strategies or advertising campaigns. Therefore, option D (all of the above) is the best choice.

Question 13

What type of experiment involves manipulating the independent variable and measuring the dependent variable in an artificial setting contrived to control extraneous variables?

Accepted Answer

A laboratory experiment involves manipulating the independent variable and measuring the dependent variable in an artificial setting contrived to control extraneous variables. This type of experiment allows for a high degree of control over the experimental conditions, which increases the internal validity of the study. It is often used in psychology and other social science research to test hypotheses and establish causal relationships between variables.

Question 14

How can it be determined if an experiment is valid?

Accepted Answer

A valid experiment requires that the observed change in the dependent variable is due to the independent variable being tested (A), and that the results of the experiment can be applied to the real world outside the experimental setting (B). Other factors that could influence the results of the experiment must be controlled or accounted for, such as extraneous variables (C). Therefore, both options A and B are correct, but C is also important. E is not correct because it includes the less specific and more inclusive option of "all of the above."

Question 15

Which of the following describes a controlled test market?

Accepted Answer

A controlled test market is one in which the distribution of the product is guaranteed through prespecified types and numbers of distributors by outside research firms. Option A describes a regular test market, Option C describes a scanner-based test market, and Option D describes a simulated test market. Option E is incorrect as one of the options is correct.

Question 16

An experiment is defined as:

Accepted Answer

An experiment involves manipulating an independent variable to observe its effect on a dependent variable, while controlling for extraneous variables to ensure that any observed effects can be attributed to the manipulation of the independent variable, not other factors.

Question 17

Which of the following symbols represents the change or manipulation of the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

In scientific studies, the independent variable is typically represented by the symbol X, so manipulating or changing the independent variable would be represented by the symbol X. The other symbols listed do not typically represent the independent variable or manipulating it.

Question 18

In experimental designs an R stands for:

Accepted Answer

In experimental designs, R stands for random assignment of research subjects to groups (experimental and control). This means that participants or subjects are assigned to these groups in a random manner to minimize the effects of extraneous variables that could influence the outcome of the study.

Question 19

When a variable exerts influence on the dependent variable and is not an independent variable we refer to it as a(an):

Accepted Answer

An extraneous variable is a variable that is not deliberately manipulated in an experiment, but may affect the dependent variable, causing it to change in an unpredictable way. Therefore, it is considered an unwanted variable that needs to be controlled for or eliminated as much as possible.

Question 20

What type of experiment involves manipulating the independent variable and measuring the dependent variable in a natural setting?

Accepted Answer

A field experiment involves manipulating the independent variable and measuring the dependent variable in a natural setting. This type of experiment is often used in social sciences to study real-life phenomena outside of a controlled laboratory environment.

Quiz 4: Research Design Alternatives and Qualitative Research