Question 1

Which of these bones form the cheekbones in the skulls of mammals?

Accepted Answer

The zygomatic bone, also known as the cheekbone, forms the prominent part of the cheek in the skull of mammals. The nasal bones form the bridge of the nose, while the fontanels and palatine bones are not related to the formation of the cheekbones.

Question 2

Membranous areas in the infant skull that join bones and function to allow for rapid growth of the brain are known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Membranous areas in the infant skull that join bones and function to allow for rapid growth of the brain are called fontanels. Fibrous membrane is a general term for any type of connective tissue membrane. Osteocytes are bone cells, not membranous areas. Lacunae are small spaces within bone tissue where osteocytes are found.

Question 3

A cartilage disk that joins the two pelvic bones in the anterior region of the pelvic girdle is known as the ________.

Accepted Answer

The pubic symphysis is a cartilage disk that joins the two pelvic bones in the anterior region of the pelvic girdle. The sacrum is a bone located at the base of the spine, while the patella is a bone located in the knee joint. "Pelvis" is too general and does not specify the specific structure being referred to.

Question 4

Which of the following cells form new bone in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts are responsible for building new bone tissue. They are bone-forming cells that secrete the matrix of bone tissue, which eventually becomes mineralized and forms new bone. Osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain the bone tissue, but they do not form new bone. Fibroblasts are not involved in bone tissue formation. The term "osteon" refers to a unit of compact bone tissue, not a type of cell.

Question 5

Which of the following covers compact bone and functions in bone repair and growth?

Accepted Answer

The periosteum covers compact bone and contains osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone growth and repair. The endosteum lines the medullary cavity and the trabeculae of spongy bone. The diaphysis is the elongated shaft of a long bone and the epiphysis is the rounded end of a long bone.

Question 6

A series of interconnected bones that form the backbone of all mammals,fishes,reptiles,and birds is the ________.

Accepted Answer

The vertebral column, also known as the backbone or spine, is a series of connected bones that runs from the skull to the pelvis in all mammals, fishes, reptiles, and birds. The mandible is the lower jaw bone, the scapula is a bone in the shoulder, and the femur is a bone in the thigh.

Question 7

Human Growth Hormone (HGH)can be used to treat patients with pituitary dwarfism.Today,parents are getting injections for their children to provide an advantage in sports or to enhance their appearance by making them taller.Based on what you know about the process of bone lengthening,what is the most appropriate age group to begin such injections?

Accepted Answer

The most appropriate age group to begin injections of human growth hormone for the purpose of bone lengthening is 7- to 10-year-olds. This is because this age group is still growing and their bones are still capable of being lengthened. Beginning injections at an earlier age may be unnecessary and could potentially lead to negative side effects, while starting at a later age may not have as significant of an impact on bone lengthening.

Question 8

Which bones form a connection between the scapula and the sternum to support the pectoral girdle?

Accepted Answer

The clavicles (collarbones) are the bones that form a connection between the scapula and the sternum, and provide support for the pectoral girdle.

Question 9

What forms within the spaces of spongy bone and functions to produce blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Red marrow is found within the spaces of spongy bone and is responsible for the production of blood cells. Yellow marrow, on the other hand, stores fat and does not produce blood cells. Osteons and osteocytes are structures and cells found within compact bone, not spongy bone.

Question 10

Too much calcium in the bloodstream,a condition called hypercalcemia,can be very dangerous.The thyroid gland releases a hormone called calcitonin when calcium is too high.What must calcitonin do to lower calcium levels in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin reduces osteoclast activity, which are cells that break down bone tissue and release calcium into the bloodstream. Additionally, calcitonin increases osteoblast activity, which are cells that build new bone tissue and pull calcium from the bloodstream to use in the formation of new bone. This leads to a net decrease in calcium levels in the bloodstream.

Question 11

Forensic scientists may have to identify an adult victim who was lost in the wilderness years ago from the remains found by a hiker.What type of evidence from the bones would they look for to determine the age of the person?

Accepted Answer

The size of the bones can give an indication of whether the victim was an adult or a child, and the condition of the growth plate can indicate how close the person was to fully developing. Analysis of dental remains and presence of degenerative changes in joints can also help to determine age.

Question 12

Which hormone causes calcium to be released from bone into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) causes the release of calcium from bone into the bloodstream. Boniva is a medication used to slow down bone loss. Estrogen and calcitonin also have effects on bone, but they do not directly stimulate the release of calcium from bone into the bloodstream.

Question 13

Women experience the symptoms of osteoporosis more acutely than men.Why is this true?

Accepted Answer

Women have less bone mass than men to begin with, and they also produce less estrogen later in life, which accelerates calcium loss. Estrogen helps to protect bone and without it, women are more at risk for osteoporosis.

Question 14

Two small bones found at the corner of the eyes that have a duct system that drains tears from the eyes into the nasal chambers are ________.

Accepted Answer

The description fits the lacrimal bones, which are small bones located at the corner of the eyes and have a duct system that drains tears from the eyes into the nasal chambers. The frontal bone is located in the forehead area, the occipital bone is located at the back of the skull, and the temporal bone is located in the sides of the skull.

Question 15

Astronauts returning to Earth from an extended stay in space have to be extremely careful or they could break a bone.It takes several weeks to restore normal bone strength.Which would be the best regimen to rebuild the lost bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

The best choice is to start with low-impact exercise like walking and gradually increase to more strenuous activity like jogging, combined with light weight lifting. This will gradually stimulate bone growth without putting too much stress on the bones too quickly. Swimming may help with overall fitness, but it is not as effective in promoting bone growth as weight-bearing exercises like walking and running. Doing heavy weight lifting too soon after extended space flight could potentially cause injury to still-weakened bones.

Question 16

What can cause a slipped disk?

Accepted Answer

Improper lifting, especially with poor technique or lifting objects that are too heavy, can cause a bulge in a disk between two lumbar vertebrae, leading to a slipped or herniated disk. Slipping on the ice or scoliosis can cause other spinal injuries but are not associated with slipped disks. The slipping of vertebrae in the sacrum is known as sacroiliac joint dysfunction and is also not associated with slipped disks.

Question 17

Which of these cranial bones separates the cranial cavity from the nasal cavity and provides the olfactory nerves with access to the brain?

Accepted Answer

The ethmoid bone separates the cranial cavity from the nasal cavity and provides the olfactory nerves with access to the brain. The temporal bone forms part of the sides and base of the skull. The foramen magnum is a large opening at the base of the skull that allows the spinal cord to connect to the brain. The sphenoid bone is a complex bone that helps form the base of the skull and the orbits of the eyes.

Question 18

Calcium intake is of concern to women during pregnancy.If a woman for whatever reason does not get enough calcium in her diet during pregnancy,what is likely to happen to her bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

During pregnancy, the calcium requirements of the fetus increase. If the pregnant woman does not get enough calcium in her diet, the fetus will take calcium from the mother's bones, which can result in significant bone loss for the mother. Additionally, the hormonal changes during pregnancy can also contribute to bone loss. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 19

The number of bones in a newborn exceeds the number of bones in an adult.Why would the number of bones decrease over time?

Accepted Answer

As a baby grows, some of their bones fuse together to form one larger, stronger bone. For example, the skull of a newborn is made up of several bones that fuse together over time, resulting in a single bone structure in adults. This fusion of bones reduces the overall number of bones in the body.

Question 20

Which of the following are the bones that form the bridge of the nose?

Accepted Answer

The bones that form the bridge of the nose are the nasal bones. The occipital bone is located at the back of the skull, the sphenoid bone is part of the skull base, and the temporal bones are located on each side of the skull.

Quiz 5: The Skeletal System