Question 1

The ideal type of loop to use if you want a user to enter exactly 20 values is a(n) ________ loop.
A) do-while
B) for
C) sentinel controlled
D) infinite
E) nested

Accepted Answer

A for loop is the best choice when the exact number of iterations is known, in this case, the user entering exactly 20 values. A for loop allows the programmer to specify the number of iterations and ensures that the loop will run exactly 20 times. The other options, such as a do-while loop, sentinel controlled loop, or nested loop, do not guarantee that the loop will run exactly 20 times. An infinite loop should be avoided as it will continue to run forever, and the program will never complete.

Question 2

You can nest a for loop inside another for loop, but cannot nest a while loop inside another while loop or a do-while loop inside another do-while loop.

Accepted Answer

You can nest any type of loop within another, including while loops within while loops and do-while loops within do-while loops. This is a common practice in programming to handle multi-dimensional data or perform complex iterations.

Question 3

When a loop is nested inside another loop, the inner loop goes through all its iterations for each iteration of the outer loop.

Accepted Answer

When a loop is nested inside another loop, the inner loop iterates through all its iterations for each iteration of the outer loop.

Question 4

To ________ a value means to increase it.
A) decrement
B) increment
C) add up
D) accumulate
E) total

Accepted Answer

Increment means to increase a value. The other options do not necessarily mean to increase a value. Decrement means to decrease, add up means to find the sum, accumulate means to gather or collect, and total means the final sum of a set of values.

Question 5

A while loop is somewhat limited because the counter can only be incremented or decremented by one each time through the loop.

Accepted Answer

A while loop can increment or decrement its counter by any amount, as the increment or decrement is controlled by the code inside the loop, not by the loop structure itself.

Question 6

If nothing within a while loop ever causes the condition to become false, a(n) ________ may occur.
A) null value
B) infinite loop
C) unexpected exit
D) compiler error
E) system crash

Accepted Answer

If nothing within a while loop ever causes the condition to become false, the loop will continue indefinitely, resulting in an infinite loop. This can cause the program to hang or become unresponsive, requiring the user to terminate the program manually or resulting in a system crash. It is important to ensure that the condition within a while loop can eventually become false to prevent an infinite loop.

Question 7

To use files in a C++ program you must include the ________ header file.
A) fstream
B) iostream
C) file
D) Both A and B are needed.
E) Both B and C are needed.

Accepted Answer

The fstream header file provides facilities for working with files in C++ programs. It includes classes like ifstream, ofstream, and fstream that enables reading from or writing to files. The iostream header file provides input/output operations for streams, but it does not include specific classes for file handling like fstream. Therefore, only option A is needed.

Question 8

What will the following code print?
Num = 5;
Cout << num++ << " ";
Cout << num-- << " ";
Cout << --num;
A) 5 4 3
B) 5 5 4
C) 5 6 4
D) 5 6 5
E) 6 5 4

Accepted Answer

The code first prints the value of `num` (5) and then increments it (num becomes 6), prints the new value of `num` (6) and then decrements it (num becomes 5), and finally decrements `num` before printing (num becomes 4), resulting in the output "5 6 4".

Question 9

The ideal type of loop to use for repeating a menu is a(n) ________ loop.
A) do-while
B) for
C) sentinel controlled
D) infinite
E) nested

Accepted Answer

A do-while loop is the best choice for repeating a menu as it allows the menu to be displayed at least once with the option to repeat based on user input. This ensures that the user has a chance to view the menu before deciding whether to repeat it or not. The other loop options may not provide the same level of flexibility or user-friendliness.

Question 10

A(n) ________ is a variable that is regularly incremented or decremented each time a loop iterates.
A) counter
B) accumulator
C) sentinel
D) total
E) loop control variable

Accepted Answer

A counter is a variable that keeps track of the number of iterations of a loop. It is regularly incremented or decremented each time the loop executes. An accumulator is used to keep a running total of a series of values, and a sentinel is a special value that marks the end of a sequence of data. A total is the final sum or result of a calculation. A loop control variable is a variable that controls the iteration of a loop, but doesn't necessarily keep track of the number of iterations.

Question 11

The while loop has two important parts: a condition that is tested and a statement or block of statements that is executed
A) as long as the condition is True.
B) until the condition becomes True.
C) at least once.
D) exactly once.
E) Both A and C are True, but B and D are not.

Accepted Answer

The while loop continues to execute the statement or block of statements as long as the condition is True. This means that the loop may execute multiple times or not at all, depending on when the condition becomes False.

Question 12

The statements in the body of a do-while loop are executed
A) only if the test condition is initially True.
B) at least once.
C) until the test condition becomes True.
D) until an exit statement is encountered.
E) forever until the user presses the break key.

Accepted Answer

The body of a do-while loop is executed at least once, regardless of the test condition. The loop will continue to execute as long as the test condition is true, but it will always execute at least once.

Question 13

The ________ statement causes a loop to terminate early.
A) stop
B) break
C) quit
D) terminate
E) continue

Accepted Answer

The break statement is used to terminate a loop early. It is often used in combination with a conditional statement to check for a certain condition and exit the loop if it is met. The other options listed (stop, quit, terminate, continue) do not specifically refer to stopping a loop early.

Question 14

A(n) ________ is a variable that controls the number of times a loop iterates.
A) counter
B) accumulator
C) sentinel
D) total
E) loop control variable

Accepted Answer

A loop control variable is the variable that controls how many times a loop will iterate. It is commonly used in for loops and while loops to specify the number of iterations. A counter (A) is a type of loop control variable that is incremented or decremented on each iteration of the loop. An accumulator (B) is also a type of loop control variable, but it is used to keep a running total of values as the loop iterates. A sentinel (C) is a value used to indicate the end of a sequence of inputs or processing; it is not a loop control variable. Total (D) is a term used to refer to the sum of values or the overall result of a calculation; it is not a loop control variable.

Question 15

Before beginning to add value to it, an accumulator should be initialized to 1.

Accepted Answer

An accumulator should be initialized based on the operation it is used for; for addition, it is typically initialized to 0, and for multiplication, to 1.

Question 16

A(n) ________ is a special value that marks the end of a list of values.
A) counter
B) accumulator
C) sentinel
D) total
E) loop control variable

Accepted Answer

A sentinel value is used to mark the end of a list of values. It is commonly used in programming to terminate loops or indicate stopping points in data processing. The other choices, such as a counter or accumulator, are not used specifically for marking the end of a list.

Question 17

If a while loop has no braces around the body of the loop
A) there is no loop body.
B) the loop body ends when the endwhile statement is encountered.
C) the loop body contains just one statement.
D) the program will not compile.
E) the program will compile, but not run.

Accepted Answer

If a while loop has no braces around the body of the loop, the loop body contains just one statement. This is known as a single-line while loop. The statement must end with a semicolon (;) and the loop will continue until the condition is false.

Question 18

The -- operator
A) is a unary operator.
B) subtracts one from the value of its operand.
C) must have an lvalue, such as a variable, as its operand.
D) can be used in either prefix or postfix mode.
E) All of the above are True.

Accepted Answer

All of the above options are true. 
A) The -- operator is a unary operator as it operates on a single operand.
B) The -- operator subtracts one from the value of its operand.
C) The -- operator must have an lvalue, such as a variable, as its operand. This is because it modifies the value of the operand, which can only be done to an lvalue.
D) The -- operator can be used in either prefix or postfix mode, i.e., --a or a--.

Question 19

The do-while loop is a(n) ________ loop, whereas the while loop is a(n) ________ loop.
A) finite, infinite
B) infinite, finite
C) simple, complex
D) pretest, post test
E) post test, pretest

Accepted Answer

The do-while loop is a post-test loop because it executes the body of the loop at least once before testing the condition. On the other hand, the while loop is a pretest loop because it evaluates the condition before executing the body of the loop.

Question 20

In order for a C++ program to read data from a file,
A) the file must already exist.
B) the program must define a file stream object that can "point to" (i.e., reference) the file.
C) the program must open the file.
D) All of the above are required.

Accepted Answer

All of the above options are required for a C++ program to read data from a file. The file must already exist, the program must define a file stream object that can reference the file, and the program must open the file for reading.

Quiz 5: Looping

The ideal type of loop to use if you want a user to enter exactly 20 values is a(n) ________ loop.

You can nest a for loop inside another for loop, but cannot nest a while loop inside another while loop or a do-while loop inside another do-while loop.

When a loop is nested inside another loop, the inner loop goes through all its iterations for each iteration of the outer loop.

To ________ a value means to increase it.

A while loop is somewhat limited because the counter can only be incremented or decremented by one each time through the loop.

If nothing within a while loop ever causes the condition to become false, a(n) ________ may occur.

To use files in a C++ program you must include the ________ header file.

What will the following code print? Num = 5; Cout << num++ << " "; Cout << num-- << " "; Cout << --num;

The ideal type of loop to use for repeating a menu is a(n) ________ loop.

A(n) ________ is a variable that is regularly incremented or decremented each time a loop iterates.

The while loop has two important parts: a condition that is tested and a statement or block of statements that is executed

The statements in the body of a do-while loop are executed

The ________ statement causes a loop to terminate early.

A(n) ________ is a variable that controls the number of times a loop iterates.

Before beginning to add value to it, an accumulator should be initialized to 1.

A(n) ________ is a special value that marks the end of a list of values.

If a while loop has no braces around the body of the loop

The -- operator

The do-while loop is a(n) loop, whereas the while loop is a(n) loop.

In order for a C++ program to read data from a file,