Question 1

The longevity of sensory memory is best described as

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory only lasts for a short amount of time, typically less than a few seconds.

Question 2

Which of the following memory processes refers to the way in which information is entered into memory?

Accepted Answer

Encoding is the process of entering information into memory, whereas storage refers to maintaining that information over time, retrieval refers to accessing stored information, and reminiscence is a recall process associated with aging.

Question 3

Three basic processes involved in the act of remembering are

Accepted Answer

The three basic processes involved in the act of remembering are encoding (acquiring information), storage (retaining information over time), and retrieval (accessing information when needed). Option D includes these three processes, making it the best choice. Option A is incorrect because extinction refers to the disappearance of a conditioned response, not a memory. Option B is incorrect because exposure and attention are only part of the process of encoding, not the entire process of remembering. Option C is incorrect because stimulus and response are only part of the process of encoding and retrieval, not the entire process of remembering.

Question 4

Which of the following refers to the processes through which information is retained in memory?

Accepted Answer

Storage refers to the process of retaining information in memory, while encoding refers to the processes through which information is processed and transformed into a form that can be stored in memory. Reminiscence refers to the act of remembering past experiences, and retrieval refers to the processes through which stored information is accessed and brought back into conscious awareness. Therefore, A) and C) are the best choices for referring to the processes through which information is retained in memory.

Question 5

Which memory system holds information coming in through the senses for a period ranging from a fraction of a second to several seconds?

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory is the memory system that holds information coming in through the senses for a period ranging from a fraction of a second to several seconds. It allows us to briefly retain a snapshot of sensory information before it is processed or filtered into other memory systems such as short-term or long-term memory.

Question 6

Which of the following is not a memory system in the Atkinson and Shiffrin model?

Accepted Answer

The Atkinson and Shiffrin model only includes three memory systems: Sensory Memory, Short-Term Memory, and Long-Term Memory. There is no mention of an intermediate memory in this model.

Question 7

What is the following task measuring? "Repeat these digits after me: 8-0-6-5-9-1-7. Now try 5-2-9-7-3-1-2-5."

Accepted Answer

This task is measuring short-term memory, as the participant is asked to immediately repeat a list of numbers after hearing them.

Question 8

How many different memory systems does the Atkinson and Shiffrin model propose?

Accepted Answer

The Atkinson and Shiffrin model, also known as the multi-store model, proposes three different memory systems: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Question 9

Research demonstrates that the amount of information transferred to short-term memory from sensory memory is

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory has a very limited capacity, and as such, the amount of information transferred from it to short-term memory is very small.

Question 10

According to the text, what portion of the information present in sensory memory is transferred to short-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory can hold a large amount of information but only a small portion is transferred to short-term memory for further processing.

Question 11

Short-term memory is very important for all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory is focused on storing and manipulating information for a brief period of time, typically seconds to a few minutes. While it is important for activities such as carrying on a conversation, problem-solving, and dialing a new telephone number, it is not as critical for remembering something learned in class last week, which requires long-term memory.

Question 12

When Lisa twirled a flashlight in a dark room, which memory system caused her to briefly perceive a trail of light behind the actual location of the light?

Accepted Answer

The sensory memory system is responsible for briefly perceiving sensory information, such as the trail of light behind the flashlight in this scenario. This sensory memory decays quickly and is not stored for later use.

Question 13

Hearing the last few words someone has spoken seem to echo briefly in your head is an example of auditory

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as echoic memory, which is a type of sensory memory that briefly holds auditory information. It allows us to remember what we have just heard for a short period of time, usually up to a few seconds, before it disappears from our consciousness. Therefore, the correct answer is C) sensory memory.

Question 14

Which of the following is analogous to converting and putting information into a computer in a form the computer can recognize?

Accepted Answer

Encoding is the process of converting and putting information into a form the computer can understand and process, just like how we convert information into a code or language that a computer can recognize. Retrieval refers to the process of recalling information that has been stored in memory. Storage refers to the process of saving or holding onto information. Reminiscence is the act of recalling past events or memories, but it is not directly related to putting information into a computer in a recognizable form.

Question 15

Short-term memory usually codes information according to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Short-term memory usually codes information according to
...

Question 16

Which of the following refers to the processes that allow us to locate and then use information previously stored in memory?

Accepted Answer

Retrieval refers to the processes of accessing previously stored information in memory. Storage refers to the processes of putting new information into memory, while encoding refers to the processes of converting new information into a form that can be stored in memory. Buffers are temporary storage areas used by computers to hold data temporarily.

Question 17

Transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory is called ________; bringing the material that has been stored to mind is called ________.

Accepted Answer

Encoding refers to the process of transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory, while retrieval refers to the process of bringing the material that has been stored to mind. Therefore, option A (encoding; retrieval) is the correct choice. Option B (consolidation; decoding) is incorrect because consolidation refers to the process of strengthening memories after they are initially encoded and before they are retrieved, while decoding refers to the process of interpreting or making sense of incoming information. Option C (consolidation; retrieval) is partially correct, as consolidation refers to the strengthening of memories, but retrieval, not consolidation, refers to the process of bringing information back to mind. Option D (encoding; decoding) is incorrect because decoding refers to the interpretation of incoming information, not the process of bringing stored information back to mind.

Question 18

According to basic memory theory, when you recall information to answer questions on this test, you are

Accepted Answer

According to basic memory theory, when you recall information, you are retrieving it from your memory.

Question 19

The duration of sensory memory is

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory duration is longer for hearing (echoic memory) than for vision (iconic memory), with echoic memory lasting up to several seconds and iconic memory lasting a fraction of a second.

Question 20

Which of the following is the name of the physiological change in the brain that allows information to be stored?

Accepted Answer

Consolidation is the process by which memories are stabilized and encoded for long-term storage in the brain. It involves physiological changes in the brain, such as the strengthening of synaptic connections between neurons. Habituation refers to the decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure, while conditioning is the process of learning an association between a stimulus and a response. Memory alteration is not a recognized term for the physiological processes involved in memory storage.

Quiz 6: Memory