Question 1

Which of the following is a central argument of Arlie Hochschild's book The Outsourced Self?

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

Time-use studies help us understand how participation in housework has changed over time. Which of the following best describes trends in women's and men's participation in housework?

Accepted Answer

The narrowing of the gender gap in housework is largely due to women spending less time on housework, rather than men dramatically increasing their participation.

Question 3

Which of the following is a central finding in Duxbury and Higgins's research on work-family conflict in Canada?

Accepted Answer

Duxbury and Higgins's research highlights that both role overload and work-family conflict have consistently remained high since 1991, indicating ongoing challenges for Canadian families in balancing work and family responsibilities.

Question 4

Recent studies about gender differences in involvement and responsibility for childcare demonstrate which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Recent studies have shown that while the gender gap in time spent on childcare is narrowing, women still assume the majority of the responsibility for planning and coordinating carework. Men are often more involved in the execution of care tasks, but women are still responsible for ensuring that the carework gets done. Therefore, choice A is the best answer.

Question 5

Which of the following is correct about the composition of Canadian families in 2011?

Accepted Answer

According to the data from the 2011 Canadian Census, roughly one in four families were single-earner families. This means that only one person in the family was earning an income.

The other options are incorrect. B) There were actually more dual-earner families than single-earner families. C) The data does not provide information about the number of single-female-earner families compared to single-male-earner families. D) Although the data mentions lone-parent families, it does not provide information about the gender breakdown of these families.

Question 6

Which of the following is correct about trends in eldercare in Canada?

Accepted Answer

Studies suggest that the most common reason for providing care to an elderly family member is their aging and frailty. Option A is incorrect as publicly funded organizations are facing challenges to meet the growing demand for services. Option B is incorrect as women are more likely to provide eldercare. Option C is incorrect as not all individuals are eligible for the Compassionate Care benefits.

Question 7

According to research, which of the following is correct about flexible workplace options in Canada?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to research, which of the following...

Question 8

Which of the following best characterizes Arlene Kaplan Daniels's explanation for why early sociology of work studies mostly ignored household work and caregiving?

Accepted Answer

Arlene Kaplan Daniels's explanation for why early sociology of work studies mostly ignored household work and caregiving is that caring and household work are often seen as lacking economic value.

Question 9

The term separate spheres describes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The term separate spheres refers to the historical and cultural idea that men's work takes place outside of the home for pay, while women primarily work inside the home, taking care of domestic duties and raising children. This division of labor was seen as natural and essential to maintaining the social order.

Question 10

The term outsourced family refers to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The term outsourced family refers to the marketization of household and family work, where people hire others to perform tasks traditionally done within the family, such as cleaning, cooking, and childcare. It can also refer to the outsourcing of care for elderly or disabled family members.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the convergence in weekly hours of housework completed by women and men in Canada in recent decades?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that while men have increased their weekly hours of housework by a few hours, women have also reduced their housework by a larger amount. Therefore, the convergence in weekly hours is best described by option B. There is no evidence to support option A, C or D.

Question 12

A parent misses her child's birthday because of a meeting that keeps her at the office later than anticipated. Which of the following best describes this situation?

Accepted Answer

Work-to-family conflict occurs when work obligations interfere with family responsibilities or events, such as missing a child's birthday due to a meeting that runs longer than expected. Role overload refers to having too many responsibilities or tasks to handle effectively, while family-to-work conflict occurs when family responsibilities interfere with work obligations. Time-based conflict refers to conflicts between the time demands of work and family, but does not specifically refer to missing a child's birthday.

Question 13

Arlie Hochschild uses the term second shift to describe which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Arlie Hochschild coined the term "second shift" to describe the phenomenon where women are primarily responsible for domestic work in addition to their paid work outside of the home. This term highlights the gendered division of labor within households and the additional burden that working women face when they come home to do more unpaid work.

Question 14

Maureta has a high-pressure job as a lawyer, working 50 hours per week. She also performs the majority of the carework for her two-year-old son. Which of the following best describes the emotional and mental fatigue that Maureta experiences from balancing work and family?

Accepted Answer

Strain-based conflict refers to the emotional and mental fatigue that arises from trying to balance multiple roles or responsibilities. Maureta's high-pressure job as a lawyer and her role as the primary caregiver for her two-year-old son would likely result in strain-based conflict as she tries to manage both responsibilities. Child-based conflict refers to conflicts that arise due to the needs or demands of the child, time-based conflict refers to conflicts that arise due to lack of time, and behaviour-based conflict refers to conflicts that arise due to the behaviour of family members.

Question 15

The term patriarchy describes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Patriarchy refers to a social organization in which men typically hold the majority of power and authority, particularly in the family structure. This can include decision making, control of resources, and overall leadership. It is not related to the division of labor between spouses (choice A), female domination (choice B), or the distribution of power based on breadwinning (choice D).

Question 16

Which of the following is correct about women's participation in paid work in the 20th century?

Accepted Answer

Women's participation in paid work spiked during the 1940s due to World War II, as many women entered the workforce to fill roles left by men who went to war. However, participation declined in the 1950s as societal norms encouraged women to return to domestic roles.

Question 17

Henrietta and Na'im are married with two young children. Both doctors, they work long hours and have decided to hire a live-in nanny from the Philippines. Their work-family choices best illustrate which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The decision to hire a live-in nanny from the Philippines suggests that Henrietta and Na'im have the financial resources to outsource their carework and household work. This illustrates the impact of socioeconomic status on a family's ability to outsource such tasks.

Question 18

Every year during the Christmas holidays, Anne sits down to write cards on behalf of her immediate family to their friends and extended family. Which of the following best describes the type of work she is engaged in?

Accepted Answer

Anne is engaged in kin work, which refers to the labor involved in maintaining and strengthening kinship ties and relationships. This includes activities such as sending holiday cards, attending family gatherings, and keeping in touch with relatives near and far. While this work is often unpaid and undervalued, it is essential for maintaining social connectedness and a sense of family identity.

Question 19

Access to quality childcare is crucial to alleviate work-family conflict. Which of the following is correct about the availability of licensed child-care spaces in Canada?

Accepted Answer

Although there has been an increase in licensed child-care spaces in Canada over the last couple of decades, the availability of regulated spaces still falls short of the demand. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Option B is incorrect because it contradicts the fact that there are not enough regulated spaces to accommodate the demand. Option C is also incorrect because although some provinces have childcare initiatives and funding, they do not guarantee a sufficient number of spaces. Option D is not accurate because the federal government does not adjust the number of spaces based on yearly demand.

Question 20

Research on work-family conflict and job satisfaction demonstrates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The research on work-family conflict and job satisfaction shows that in general, high conflict is linked to reduced satisfaction. This means that individuals who experience a lot of conflict between their work and family responsibilities tend to have lower levels of job satisfaction. While high job satisfaction may help individuals better manage their family-to-work conflicts, the research suggests that low satisfaction can actually increase family-to-work conflict.

Quiz 7: Household, Family, and Caring Work