Question 1

Which of the following is mismatched?
A)IgSF[emdash]chondroitin
B)cadherinscalcium ions
C)selectinsleukocytes
D)cadherinsembryonic development
E)lectinscarbohydrates

Accepted Answer

IgSF (immunoglobulin superfamily) proteins do not typically interact with chondroitin, a large carbohydrate molecule found in cartilage and other tissues. IgSF proteins are instead involved in cellular adhesion and immune responses.

Question 2

Which of the following is not associated with adhesive junctions?
A)desmosomes
B)hemidesmosomes
C)plaques
D)connexin
E)cadherins

Accepted Answer

Connexin is not associated with adhesive junctions. Connexins form gap junctions, which are responsible for passage of small molecules and ions between adjacent cells. Desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, plaques, and cadherins are all components of adhesive junctions, which anchor cells together and provide mechanical stability to tissues.

Question 3

Which of the following is false with regard to the extracellular matrix?
A)These structures are external to the cell membrane, but are still an integral component of cell function.
B)Extracellular matrices are only found in association with eukaryotic cells.
C)Extracellular matrices play a role in determining the shape of a cell.
D)Bone and cartilage are examples of cells that have specialized extracellular matrices associated with their function.
E)Extracellular matrices play a role in determining the mechanical properties of tissues and organs.

Accepted Answer

Extracellular matrices are found in association with both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, not just eukaryotic cells. Therefore, statement B is false.

Question 4

In animal cells,the extracellular matrix plays important roles in all of the following processes except
A)cell division.
B)motility.
C)DNA replication.
D)differentiation.
E)adhesion.

Accepted Answer

The extracellular matrix is mainly responsible for providing structure, support, and adhesion to animal cells. It also plays a role in cell division, motility, differentiation, and adhesion. However, it does not have any direct involvement in DNA replication, which occurs within the nucleus of the cell.

Question 5

You discover a dog suffering from a strange disorder that is due to an autoimmune response against its own cells.Upon further investigation,you find that the cells of various tissues are loosely arranged and do not have characteristic shapes and that the animal is prone to hemorrhage as the result of poor blood clotting.Based on these results,the target of the autoimmune response could be
A)fibronectins.
B)laminins.
C)extensins.
D)pectins.
E)desmotubules.

Accepted Answer

Fibronectins are involved in cell adhesion and maintaining tissue structure. An autoimmune response against fibronectins could lead to loosely arranged cells and poor blood clotting.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true regarding cell-cell adhesion?
A)Adhesion is coordinated with many cellular processes except cell survival.
B)Adhesion molecules include plakoglobulin, which cements two cells together.
C)Adherens junctions are exclusive to plant cells.
D)Adhesive junctions are characterized by the attachment of long molecules of hyaluronate.
E)Adhesive junctions are dynamic in response to cellular signals.

Accepted Answer

Adhesive junctions are dynamic and can respond to cellular signals, allowing for changes in cell behavior such as cell migration or tissue remodeling. Adhesion is also important for cell survival, as it helps to maintain tissue integrity and prevent cell detachment. Plakoglobulin is not an adhesion molecule. Adherens junctions are not exclusive to plant cells, and do not involve the attachment of hyaluronate molecules.

Question 7

Which of the following components is not associated with the primary cell wall?
A)cellulose microfibrils
B)hemicelluloses
C)pectins
D)glycoproteins
E)lignins

Accepted Answer

Lignin is not typically associated with the primary cell wall. It is instead found in the secondary cell wall, which is a thicker and more rigid layer that can develop after the primary cell wall has been formed. The primary cell wall is primarily composed of cellulose microfibrils and various non-cellulose polysaccharides, such as hemicelluloses and pectins, as well as some glycoproteins.

Question 8

In which of the following organs would you expect to find adhesive junctions in humans?
A)heart muscle
B)skin epithelium
C)uterus
D)both choices A and B
E)choices A, B, and C

Accepted Answer

Adhesive junctions are found in tissues that experience mechanical stress, such as the heart muscle, skin epithelium, and uterus, to provide structural integrity and support.

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct order for the synthesis of the plant cell wall,from the outermost layer to the innermost layer?
A)middle lamella; primary cell wall; secondary cell wall; plasma membrane
B)primary cell wall; middle lamella; secondary cell wall; plasma membrane
C)plasma membrane; secondary cell wall; primary cell wall; middle lamella
D)middle lamella; secondary cell wall; primary cell wall; middle lamella
E)primary cell wall; secondary cell wall; plasma membrane; middle lamella

Accepted Answer

The correct order from the outermost to the innermost layer is middle lamella, primary cell wall, secondary cell wall, and plasma membrane.

Question 10

You are investigating a clinical disorder in one of your patients.You discover that the patient has an autoimmune disease that targets and destroys fibroblasts.This disorder would most likely affect
A)fiber production by the cells, as occurs with blood clotting.
B)annulus formation.
C)hyluronate production in the joints.
D)collagen production.
E)all of the above

Accepted Answer

Fibroblasts are responsible for producing collagen, which is the main component of connective tissue. If the patient's autoimmune disease targets and destroys fibroblasts, it would most likely affect collagen production.

Question 11

Which of the following activities is not associated with cadherins?
A)segregation of cells to specific tissues
B)paracellular transport
C)embryonic development
D)establishment of synaptic connections
E)loss of activity associated with cancer

Accepted Answer

Cadherins are transmembrane proteins that are responsible for cell-cell adhesion and play a crucial role in tissue formation, embryonic development, and synaptic connections. However, they are not associated with paracellular transport, which involves the movement of molecules through the space between cells.

Question 12

A person is genotypically blood type A.However,this individual also does not produce the lipid to which N-acetylgalactosamine is added,so the lipid is therefore not expressed on the surface of erythrocytes.This situation is known as the Bombay phenotype.When tested,this person will appear to be blood type
A)A.
B)B.
C)AB.
D)O.

Accepted Answer

The Bombay phenotype results in a lack of expression of the H antigen, which is required to produce A, B, and AB blood groups. Since this individual does not have the H antigen, they will appear to be blood type O, which is characterized by the absence of A and B antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

Question 13

A newly defined autoimmune disorder has resulted in an immune response against Type V collagen fibers.As a result,the most likely organ to be targeted in this response would be the
A)skin.
B)heart.
C)lungs.
D)stomach.
E)tongue.

Accepted Answer

Type V collagen is a major component of the skin, so an immune response against it would most likely target the skin.

Question 14

Paracellular transport is associated with which of the following?
A)adherens junctions
B)integrins
C)desmosomes
D)tight junctions
E)hemidesmosomes

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions form a barrier between cells, restricting movement of molecules and ions through the space between cells. Paracellular transport refers to the movement of substances through this space, which is only possible when tight junctions are permeable. Therefore, tight junctions are associated with paracellular transport.

Question 15

A person with neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies in circulation has which of blood type?
A)A
B)B
C)AB
D)O

Accepted Answer

A person with neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies in circulation has blood type AB. This means that the person has both A and B antigens on their red blood cells, and as a result, their immune system does not produce antibodies against either A or B antigens. Blood type O lacks A and B antigens but has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in circulation. Blood types A and B have their respective antigens on red blood cells, and each produces the opposite antibody in circulation (anti-B for blood type A and anti-A for blood type B).

Question 16

Which of the following is correctly paired with regard to similarity in function?
A)adhesive junctions-tight junctions
B)desmotubule-gap junction
C)tight junctions-gap junctions
D)plaques-plasmodesmata
E)connexons-desmosomes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is correctly paired...

Question 17

The function of integrin-linked kinase during integrin-based signaling is
A)integrin activation.
B)anchorage-dependent growth.
C)scaffolding protein.
D)cell movement.
E)anchorage-independent growth.

Accepted Answer

Integrin-linked kinase serves as a scaffolding protein during integrin-based signaling, meaning it helps organize and coordinate the various signaling molecules involved in the process. It does not directly activate integrins, promote anchorage-dependent or -independent growth, or drive cell movement.

Question 18

Polarized cells are characterized by
A)random orientation within a tissue.
B)a polar flagellum.
C)random orientation within an organ.
D)distinct apical and basolateral sides.
E)both choices B and D

Accepted Answer

Polarized cells have distinct apical and basolateral sides, meaning that different molecular components are found on each side of the cell. This allows for specialized functions and interactions with other cells in tissues and organs. A polar flagellum is not necessarily indicative of a polarized cell, and random orientation within a tissue or organ does not demonstrate polarity.

Question 19

Which of the following cell junctions are associated with the proper alignment of intestinal epithelial cells?
A)gap junctions
B)adhesive junctions
C)tight junctions
D)desmosomes
E)all of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the listed cell junctions (gap junctions, adhesive junctions, tight junctions, and desmosomes) play a role in the proper alignment of intestinal epithelial cells.

Question 20

A patient is rushed to the emergency room and immediately needs a blood transfusion.The patient is found to have only anti-A antibodies in circulation.The blood type of this individual must be
A)A.
B)B.
C)AB.
D)O.

Accepted Answer

The presence of only anti-A antibodies indicates that the patient cannot have A antigens on their red blood cells, which means they cannot be blood type A or AB. Therefore, the patient must be blood type B.

Quiz 17: Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

Which of the following is mismatched?

Which of the following is not associated with adhesive junctions?

Which of the following is false with regard to the extracellular matrix?

In animal cells,the extracellular matrix plays important roles in all of the following processes except

Which of the following statements is true regarding cell-cell adhesion?

Which of the following components is not associated with the primary cell wall?

In which of the following organs would you expect to find adhesive junctions in humans?

Which of the following is the correct order for the synthesis of the plant cell wall,from the outermost layer to the innermost layer?

You are investigating a clinical disorder in one of your patients.You discover that the patient has an autoimmune disease that targets and destroys fibroblasts.This disorder would most likely affect

Which of the following activities is not associated with cadherins?

A newly defined autoimmune disorder has resulted in an immune response against Type V collagen fibers.As a result,the most likely organ to be targeted in this response would be the

Paracellular transport is associated with which of the following?

A person with neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies in circulation has which of blood type?

Which of the following is correctly paired with regard to similarity in function?

The function of integrin-linked kinase during integrin-based signaling is

Polarized cells are characterized by

Which of the following cell junctions are associated with the proper alignment of intestinal epithelial cells?

A patient is rushed to the emergency room and immediately needs a blood transfusion.The patient is found to have only anti-A antibodies in circulation.The blood type of this individual must be