Question 1

Which of the following is the clearest example of troubled youth?
A)gang members
B)substance abusers
C)young offenders
D)street youth
E)violent youth

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the clearest...

Question 2

For which of the following types of crime are people under the age of 18 the primary offenders?
A)homicide
B)motor vehicle theft
C)break and enter
D)Assault
E)people under the age of 18 are not the primary offenders for any type of crime

Accepted Answer

The answer of For which of the following types of...

Question 3

Which approach to parenting is the least likely to be associated with youth crime?
A)high levels of parental control
B)low levels of affection or nurturance
C)moderate levels of parental control
D)high levels of permissiveness
E)low levels of parental control

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that moderate levels of parental control, where parents set rules and limits for their children but also provide warmth and support, are associated with the lowest levels of youth crime. High levels of control can lead to rebellion and delinquency, while low levels of control and affection can lead to neglect and lack of proper socialization. Permissive parenting, where there are few rules and little control, may also contribute to delinquency due to lack of structure and guidance.

Question 4

Which of the following is not one of the elements of a moral panic?
A)Volatility
B)Disproportionality
C)heightened concern
D)hostility directed at society by the offending group
E)consensus regarding the level of perceived threat

Accepted Answer

Hostility directed at society by the offending group is not one of the elements of a moral panic. The other elements include volatility, disproportionality, heightened concern, and consensus regarding the level of perceived threat.

Question 5

Which of the following research topics reflects a critical theoretical approach?
A)the school factors that influence gang emergence and membership
B)the varying understandings of what it means to be a gang member
C)the role of youth gangs as sources of identity and resistance for marginalized youth
D)gangs as phenomena in lower socioeconomic status neighbourhoods
E)all of the research topics described above reflect a critical theoretical approach

Accepted Answer

A critical theoretical approach involves examining power structures, inequalities, and marginalized groups. Option C specifically explores the role of youth gangs as sources of identity and resistance for marginalized youth, which demonstrates a critical perspective. The other options may involve analyzing social phenomena, but they do not necessarily involve a critical theoretical approach.

Question 6

Why did youth crime rates,as measured by official statistics,increase between 1962 and 1990?
A)more youth were brought into the criminal justice system due to changes in policing practices
B)more youth were brought into the criminal justice system due to changes in administrative practices
C)more youth were brought into the criminal justice system due to changes in legislation
D)more youth were brought into the criminal justice system due to greater public pressure to control youth crime
E)all of the processes listed above are possible reasons for the increase in youth crime rates between 1962 and 1990

Accepted Answer

All of the processes listed above are possible reasons for the increase in youth crime rates between 1962 and 1990. There were changes in policing practices, administrative practices, and legislation, as well as greater public pressure to control youth crime. These factors could have influenced the number of youth brought into the criminal justice system and, as a result, the official crime statistics.

Question 7

Surveys reveal that more than 75% teenagers get a high level of enjoyment from interactions with their mothers.

Accepted Answer

The statement directly states that surveys reveal that more than 75% teenagers get a high level of enjoyment from interactions with their mothers, which means the statement is true.

Question 8

According to Jankowski's (1991)ethnographic research,rejecting parental and societal values serve as which motivation for joining a gang?
A)commitment to the community
B)physical protection
C)Recreation
D)time to resist
E)a place of refuge and camouflage

Accepted Answer

Jankowski's (1991) ethnographic research found that rejecting parental and societal values was a motivation for joining a gang, indicating a desire to resist or reject societal norms and expectations.

Question 9

In his most recent survey of Canadian teenagers,Bibby (2009)found that more teens indicated that family life was "very important" to them than in any of his previous surveys over the past 30 years.

Accepted Answer

Bibby's most recent survey of Canadian teenagers found that more teens indicated that family life was "very important" to them than in any of his previous surveys over the past 30 years, making the statement true.

Question 10

The research surrounding parenting characteristics that lead to improved child development could arguably connect right into the social bonds theory as to factors that assist a child in resisting deviant choices.

Accepted Answer

The social bonds theory suggests that strong social bonds and positive relationships with parents or other significant adults can help prevent deviant behavior in children. Research on parenting characteristics that lead to improved child development could provide insight into what types of parent-child relationships are most effective in building these social bonds and preventing deviant choices. Therefore, the two concepts are connected.

Question 11

Robert had recently joined a gang.He was a strong,intelligent teenager with a lot of potential,but the gang had protected his mother from being beaten when he was younger and he feels that he should serve his time to repay the favour.According to Jankowski,Robert is joining the gang for recreational purposes.

Accepted Answer

According to the information provided, Robert is not joining the gang for recreational purposes. He feels obligated to repay the gang for protecting his mother from being beaten in the past.

Question 12

Violent criminals are much more likely to be young men who have strict family rules and have ultimately begun lashing out or rebelling against the restrictions.

Accepted Answer

This statement is not accurate. Strict family rules do not necessarily lead to violent behavior and there are various factors that can lead to criminal behavior such as mental health issues, past trauma, and socioeconomic status, among others. Gender and age are also not the only predictors of criminal behavior.

Question 13

During the teenage years,there are increases in conflicts with parents,extremes of emotion,and risk-taking behaviours.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. During adolescence, teenagers experience emotional and behavioral changes as they strive for more independence and autonomy. This can lead to conflicts with parents, mood swings, and risky behaviors such as experimentation with drugs and alcohol, reckless driving, and sexual activity.

Question 14

Research demonstrates that if we could 'toughen up' the Youth Criminal Justice Act,we would see a decrease in youth gang involvement.

Accepted Answer

Research on the effectiveness of punitive measures in reducing youth crime is mixed, and many studies suggest that addressing underlying social issues and providing support and rehabilitation are more effective in reducing youth gang involvement.

Question 15

Neema lives in a single parent home.Her mother's parenting style includes moderate levels of control,moderate levels of supervision,clearly explained rules and consequences,and a willingness to listen to Neema's point of view.Which of the following outcomes is most likely,considering the research that has been done on parenting style?
A)Neema is likely to be vulnerable to negative peer influences
B)Neema is likely to do poorly in school
C)Neema is likely to avoid criminal behavior
D)Neema is likely to have low self-esteem
E)Neema is likely to have low levels of internalized self-control when away from her mother's direct supervision

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that children who grow up with authoritative parents, characterized by moderate levels of control and supervision, clear rules and consequences, and willingness to listen to the child's point of view, are less likely to engage in criminal behavior. Therefore, Neema is likely to avoid criminal behavior.

Question 16

There are various characteristics of family life that are seen to influence the development of delinquent behaviour in children.Which of the following links is the weakest,according to research?
A)Supervision
B)parental control
C)emotional ties between parent and child
D)parenting style
E)single motherhood

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that single motherhood is not necessarily a direct cause of delinquent behavior in children. While some studies have suggested an association between single motherhood and higher rates of delinquency, other research has found no significant relationship between the two variables. Therefore, the link between single motherhood and delinquent behavior is considered to be weaker than the links between supervision, parental control, emotional ties, and parenting style.

Question 17

The belief that gangs emerge in socially and economically disadvantaged communities is the underlying belief of which theory?
A)conflict theory
B)strain theory
C)status frustration theory
D)differential association theory
E)social bonds theory

Accepted Answer

Strain theory suggests that individuals who experience strain or a lack of opportunity due to social or economic disadvantage may turn to criminal behavior, including joining gangs.

Question 18

According to data from the Canadian version of the International Youth Survey,which of the following factors is associated with youth violent crime,but not youth property crime?
A)skipping school
B)having been discriminated against on the basis of language, race, or religion
C)having been stolen from
D)perceiving the school environment as unsafe
E)peer acceptance of illegal acts

Accepted Answer

The data from the Canadian version of the International Youth Survey indicates that youth violent crime is associated with having been discriminated against on the basis of language, race, or religion, but not youth property crime. Skipping school, having been stolen from, perceiving the school environment as unsafe, and peer acceptance of illegal acts were not specifically found to be associated solely with youth violent crime.

Question 19

How is youth crime portrayed in the media?
A)it is overrepresented
B)it is presented as a new problem for society
C)it is linked with certain ethnic groups
D)it is linked with certain socioeconomic classes
E)youth crime is overrepresented, is presented as a new problem, is linked with certain ethnic groups, and is linked with certain socioeconomic classes within media portrayals

Accepted Answer

Youth crime is often overrepresented in the media, with sensationalized stories that present it as a new problem for society. In addition, there is often a tendency to link youth crime with certain ethnic groups or socioeconomic classes, portraying these groups as inherently more prone to criminal behavior. This can perpetuate stereotypes and contribute to social inequalities.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about parent-peer influence is true?
A)the single most effective predictor of youth criminal activity is criminal activity among peers
B)negative peer influence tends to cancel out any positive impact from effective parenting styles
C)effective parenting reduces the likelihood of youth associating with criminal peers
D)effective parenting reduces the influence of criminally-involved peers on youth
E)although the single most effective predictor of youth criminal activity is criminal activity among peers, effective parenting both reduces the likelihood of associating with criminal peers and reduces the influence that criminal peers have

Accepted Answer

The statement that effective parenting both reduces the likelihood of associating with criminal peers and reduces the influence that criminal peers have is accurate. The other statements are either not entirely true or are incomplete.

Quiz 6: The Troubling and Troubled World of Youth

Which of the following is the clearest example of troubled youth?

For which of the following types of crime are people under the age of 18 the primary offenders?

Which approach to parenting is the least likely to be associated with youth crime?

Which of the following is not one of the elements of a moral panic?

Which of the following research topics reflects a critical theoretical approach?

Why did youth crime rates,as measured by official statistics,increase between 1962 and 1990?

Surveys reveal that more than 75% teenagers get a high level of enjoyment from interactions with their mothers.

According to Jankowski's (1991) ethnographic research,rejecting parental and societal values serve as which motivation for joining a gang?

In his most recent survey of Canadian teenagers,Bibby (2009)found that more teens indicated that family life was "very important" to them than in any of his previous surveys over the past 30 years.

The research surrounding parenting characteristics that lead to improved child development could arguably connect right into the social bonds theory as to factors that assist a child in resisting deviant choices.

Violent criminals are much more likely to be young men who have strict family rules and have ultimately begun lashing out or rebelling against the restrictions.

During the teenage years,there are increases in conflicts with parents,extremes of emotion,and risk-taking behaviours.

Research demonstrates that if we could 'toughen up' the Youth Criminal Justice Act,we would see a decrease in youth gang involvement.

There are various characteristics of family life that are seen to influence the development of delinquent behaviour in children.Which of the following links is the weakest,according to research?

The belief that gangs emerge in socially and economically disadvantaged communities is the underlying belief of which theory?

According to data from the Canadian version of the International Youth Survey,which of the following factors is associated with youth violent crime,but not youth property crime?

How is youth crime portrayed in the media?

Which of the following statements about parent-peer influence is true?