In a Five-Year Study, Researchers Conducted In-Depth Analysis of 160

In a five-year study, researchers conducted in-depth analysis of 160 companies and more than 200 management tools and techniques. What was their principal finding?

A) Supply chain management was the most critical element in stellar business performance.
B) Customer relationship management was more effective than product development.
C) The Internet was more effective in terms of long-term sales success than the use of retail outlets or direct marketing tactics such as catalogs.
D) Three major management tools-supply chain management, customer relationship management, and the use of an intranet-were equally beneficial in terms of business performance.
E) Individual management tools and techniques had no direct relationship to superior business performance in the companies that were studied.