Question 1

Knowing when people arrived in the New World is necessarily tied with where they came, because the two tell us where to search in the archaeological record for the first immigrants. Why?

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Question 2

Compare and contrast the Clovis, Folsom, Dalton and Plano Archaeological complexes and detail the importance of each to the lifestyles of the people who used them.

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Question 3

How do foraging and food collecting compare and contrast as subsistence strategies? What are some implications for each with regard to other cultural consequences: group size, mobility, exchange, effect on natural species, etc.?

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Question 4

If people traveled along the pacific coast beginning about 17,000-15,000 ya, when New World inhabitants were suspected as having come from Asia, climatic conditions would have been different than those in the interior. How?

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Question 5

Discuss the possible role of humans in the Pleistocene extinctions.

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Question 6

What are the different models used to explain the peopling of the New World. Discuss the evidence used to support or refute each model.

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Question 7

Why is the settlement of the Americas a difficult issue for archaeologists to address? What aspects of this event as well as the approaches that archaeologists use to understand it inhibit our ability to more definitely address this issue?

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Question 8

Discuss the physical evidence for the initial occupation of the New World.

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Question 9

How do human cultural patterns change at the beginning of the Holocene? What is the role of the environment in this shift? Compare and contrast these developments in Europe, North America, and the Near East.

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Question 10

What is the Paleo-Indian period? When does it date, and what are the associated cultural patterns? Illustrate your answer with examples from sites discussed in the text.

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Question 11

What were some of the environmental changes occurring as a result of the end of the Younger Dryas?

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Question 12

What are specific biological and cultural clues that point to Asian ancestry for the earliest American populations? Why are they controversial?

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Question 13

Using Star Carr or another important site as an example, explain how specific archaeological findings may be used to interpret early Holocene lifeways.

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Quiz 13: Early Holocene Hunters and Gatherers