Question 1

The nail body covers the

Accepted Answer

The nail body covers the nail bed, which is the area of skin underneath the nail that supports and nourishes the nail.

Question 2

Merocrine sweat glands

Accepted Answer

Merocrine sweat glands secrete a watery fluid directly onto the surface of the skin, which helps regulate body temperature by evaporative cooling. They are not compound alveolar glands and do not primarily function in lubricating the hairs. The organic secretions that contribute to body odor come from apocrine sweat glands, not merocrine sweat glands. There is no evidence to suggest that merocrine sweat glands increase in number or activity with aging.

Question 3

The cuticle around a nail is the

Accepted Answer

The cuticle around a nail is referred to as the eponychium, which is the thickened layer of skin surrounding the nails.

Question 4

In a penetrating wound, ________ divide to produce mobile cells that repair the dermis.

Accepted Answer

Fibroblasts are the cells responsible for repairing the dermis in a penetrating wound. They divide to produce mobile cells that migrate to the site of injury and produce collagen to form a scar. Granulation cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages are involved in other aspects of the immune response and do not directly contribute to dermal repair. Muscle cells are not found in the dermis.

Question 5

The stratum corneum just under the free edge of a nail is the

Accepted Answer

The layer of the stratum corneum that is located just under the free edge of a nail is called the hyponychium. The hyponychium helps to seal the nail bed from harmful pathogens and prevent injury to the underlying tissue.

Question 6

Charlie is badly burned in an accident. When he reaches the emergency room, the examining physician finds that he can remove entire hair follicles from Charlie's arm when he gently pulls on a hair with his forceps. Charlie is suffering from a(n) ________ burn.

Accepted Answer

Charlie is suffering from a third-degree burn. This type of burn destroys the entire thickness of the skin, including nerve endings and hair follicles. The examining physician is able to remove entire hair follicles due to the severity of the burn.

Question 7

A fibrin clot that is formed over a skin wound is called a

Accepted Answer

A fibrin clot that forms over a skin wound is known as a scab.

Question 8

A child who skins his knee in a fall has a(n)

Accepted Answer

An abrasion is a superficial injury in which the skin is scraped away, usually caused by a fall or scrape against a rough surface. A skinned knee is a classic example of an abrasion.

Question 9

Which of the following is not a function of the sebum?

Accepted Answer

Sebum does not play a role in helping the skin shed excess heat.

Question 10

The type of burn that may require a skin graft is a ________ burn.

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burns involve the full thickness of the skin and can cause extensive damage to the structures beneath the skin, such as nerves, blood vessels, and muscle. These burns usually require a skin graft, where healthy skin from another area of the body is transplanted onto the burn wound. First-degree and second-degree burns typically do not require a skin graft, as they affect only the outer layers of the skin and are generally able to heal on their own with proper care. Partial-thickness burns, which involve the deeper layers of the skin but do not extend through the entire thickness, may or may not require a skin graft depending on the severity of the burn. Epidermal burns are a type of first-degree burn where only the top layer of the skin is affected, and they do not require a skin graft.

Question 11

Skin can regenerate effectively even after considerable damage has occurred because

Accepted Answer

Stem cells persist in the skin even after injury and can differentiate into the various cells that make up the epidermis and dermis, allowing for effective regeneration of damaged skin. The other options are incorrect as small blood vessels in the epidermis do not directly contribute to regeneration, fibroblasts in the dermis do not give rise to new germinal cells, contraction does not bring cells together in a way that specifically aids regeneration, and cells of the stratum basale can migrate to other positions in the skin.

Question 12

During repair of the integument, fibroblasts follow areas of new capillary growth and produce ________ tissue.

Accepted Answer

Fibroblasts follow areas of new capillary growth and produce granulation tissue during repair of the integument.

Question 13

Scar tissue is the result of

Accepted Answer

Scar tissue is composed of large numbers of inflexible, tightly packed fibers such as collagen, with relatively few blood vessels. This results in a fibrous, non-elastic scar that may impede the function of nearby tissues.

Question 14

A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called a

Accepted Answer

A keloid is a type of scar that grows beyond the boundary of the original injury, leading to a raised, thickened area of scar tissue that may be shiny and smooth on the surface. It is caused by an overproduction of collagen during the healing process.

Question 15

All of the following are true of perspiration produced by merocrine sweat glands except that it

Accepted Answer

Perspiration produced by merocrine sweat glands does not produce the body odor characteristic of "sweating." This odor is actually caused by bacteria breaking down components of apocrine sweat, which is produced by different glands in the skin.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a function of the exocrine sweat gland?

Accepted Answer

The exocrine sweat gland does not condition the surrounding skin with its lipid secretion. Rather, it excretes sweat which helps to cool the surface of the skin, excrete electrolytes, interfere with adhesion of microorganisms, and use dermicidin as antibiotic protection.

Question 17

If a fair-skinned person is outside on a hot sunny day, why does his or her skin turn red?

Accepted Answer

When a fair-skinned person is outside on a hot sunny day, their blood vessels near the surface of the skin dilate (widen), allowing more blood to flow through. This increased blood flow causes their skin to appear red or flushed.

Question 18

Nail production occurs at the nail

Accepted Answer

Nail production occurs at the nail root, which is the proximal end of the nail that lies beneath the skin. The nail bed, cuticle, and hyponychium are all structures that are located above the nail root and do not contribute to nail growth.

Question 19

The following are stages in the regeneration of skin following an injury. What is the correct order for these events?
1) inflammation
2) cellular migration
3) epidermis covers granulation tissue
4) epidermis covers scar tissue

Accepted Answer

The correct order for the stages in the regeneration of skin following an injury starts with inflammation (1), followed by cellular migration (2), then the epidermis covers granulation tissue (3), and finally, the epidermis covers scar tissue (4).

Question 20

The combination of blood clot, fibroblasts, and extensive capillary network that is formed in injured skinis called ________ tissue.

Accepted Answer

The combination of blood clot, fibroblasts, and extensive capillary network in injured skin is known as granulation tissue.

Quiz 5: The Integumentary System