Question 1

What is the correct sequence of the following four events during an animal's development?
1) gastrulation
2) metamorphosis
3) fertilization
4) cleavage
A)4 → 3 → 2 → 1
B)4 → 3 → 1 → 2
C)3 → 2 → 4 → 1
D)3 → 4 → 2 → 1
E)3 → 4 → 1 → 2

Accepted Answer

Fertilization occurs first, followed by cleavage, then gastrulation, and finally metamorphosis.

Question 2

Organisms showing radial symmetry would likely
A)be good swimmers.
B)have rapid escape behavior.
C)move from place to place relatively slowly, if at all.
D)be able to fly.
E)have many fins.

Accepted Answer

Organisms with radial symmetry are typically sessile, meaning they do not move from place to place. Instead, they rely on the movement of their environment, such as water currents, to bring food and oxygen to them. They do not have a clear front or back, so there is no need for rapid escape behavior or the ability to swim or fly. Having many fins would be more characteristic of animals with bilateral symmetry.

Question 3

Figure 32.1 shows a chart of the animal kingdom set up as a modified phylogenetic tree. Use the diagram to answer the following questions.
-Which group contains diploblastic organisms?
A)I
B)II
C)III
D)IV
E)V

Accepted Answer

Group I contains diploblastic organisms (cnidarians and ctenophores), which are characterized by having only two germ layers.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct association of an animal germ layer with the tissues or organs to which it gives rise?
A)ectoderm: outer covering of digestive system
B)endoderm: internal lining of blood vessels
C)mesoderm: central nervous system
D)mesoderm: skin
E)endoderm: linings of liver passageways and lung passageways

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a correct...

Question 5

Figure 32.1 shows a chart of the animal kingdom set up as a modified phylogenetic tree. Use the diagram to answer the following questions.
-Which of these is the basal group of the Eumetazoa?
A)I
B)II
C)III
D)IV
E)V

Accepted Answer

Group I is the basal group of the Eumetazoa because it is the earliest branching group in the phylogenetic tree.

Question 6

Cephalization is primarily associated with
A)adaptation to dark environments.
B)method of reproduction.
C)fate of the blastopore.
D)type of digestive system.
E)bilateral symmetry.

Accepted Answer

Cephalization is the concentration of neural and sensory structures at the anterior or head end of an animal's body. This is primarily associated with bilateral symmetry, which implies a clear front and back end, allowing for movement in a coordinated and directional way. This organization of nervous and sensory tissues in the head and anterior region is important for detecting and responding to environmental stimuli, such as food sources or predators, in a more efficient and effective way.

Question 7

Organisms that are neither coelomate nor pseudocoelomate should, apart from their digestive systems, have bodies that
A)are solid with tissue.
B)lack the ability to metabolize food.
C)are incapable of muscular contraction.
D)lack True tissues.
E)lack mesodermally derived tissues.

Accepted Answer

Organisms that are neither coelomate nor pseudocoelomate are acoelomates, which have solid bodies filled with tissue, lacking a body cavity.

Question 8

Figure 32.1 shows a chart of the animal kingdom set up as a modified phylogenetic tree. Use the diagram to answer the following questions.
-Which two groups are most clearly represented in the Ediacaran fauna?
A)I and II
B)I and III
C)II and IV
D)II and V
E)IV and V

Accepted Answer

The Ediacaran fauna is represented by Group I and III on the chart.

Question 9

Cephalization is most closely associated with which of the following?
A)sedentary lifestyle
B)concentration of sensory structures at the anterior end
C)predators, but not prey
D)a backbone
E)a sessile existence

Accepted Answer

Cephalization refers to the evolutionary trend of concentrating nervous tissue, sensory structures, and brain structures towards one end of the body. This is most commonly seen in animals with active movement and bilateral symmetry, where a concentrated nervous system can better coordinate movement and response to the environment. Concentration of these structures at the anterior (or front) end of the organism allows for quicker and more efficient sensing and response to stimuli in the environment.

Question 10

What may have occurred to prevent species that are of the same grade from also belonging to the same clade?
A)similar structures arising independently in different lineages
B)convergent evolution among different lineages
C)adaptation by different lineages to the same selective pressures
D)A and B only
E)A, B, and C

Accepted Answer

Species of the same grade may not belong to the same clade due to convergent evolution, where similar structures arise independently in different lineages as adaptations to similar selective pressures.

Question 11

Soon after the coelom begins to form, a researcher injects a dye into the coelom of a deuterostome embryo. Initially, the dye should be able to flow directly into the
A)blastopore.
B)blastocoel.
C)archenteron.
D)pseudocoelom.

Accepted Answer

The coelom begins to form from outpocketings of the archenteron. Therefore, the dye injected into the coelom will initially flow directly into the archenteron.

Question 12

During metamorphosis, echinoderms undergo a transformation from motile larvae to a sedentary (or sometimes sessile)existence as adults. What differentiates echinoderm adults, but not their larvae? Adults should
A)be diploblastic.
B)have radial symmetry, or something close to it.
C)lack mesodermally derived tissues.
D)A and B only
E)A, B, and C

Accepted Answer

Echinoderm adults exhibit radial symmetry or pentaradial symmetry, while their larvae have bilateral symmetry.

Question 13

A researcher is trying to construct a molecular-based phylogeny of the entire animal kingdom. Assuming that none of the following genes is absolutely conserved, which of the following would be the best choice on which to base the phylogeny?
A)genes involved in chitin synthesis
B)collagen genes
C)beta-catenin genes
D)genes involved in eye-lens synthesis
E)genes that cause radial body symmetry

Accepted Answer

Collagen genes are found in all animals, making them a good choice for constructing a phylogeny of the entire animal kingdom.

Question 14

What distinguishes a coelomate animal from a pseudocoelomate animal is that coelomates
A)have a body cavity, whereas pseudocoelomates have a solid body.
B)contain tissues derived from mesoderm, whereas pseudocoelomates have no such tissue.
C)have a body cavity completely lined by mesodermal tissue, whereas pseudocoelomates do not.
D)have a complete digestive system with mouth and anus, whereas pseudocoelomates have a digestive tract with only one opening.
E)have a gut that lacks suspension within the body cavity, whereas pseudocoelomates have mesenteries that hold the digestive system in place.

Accepted Answer

Coelomates have a body cavity completely lined by mesodermal tissue, whereas pseudocoelomates have a body cavity that is only partially lined by mesodermal tissue. While both types of animals have a body cavity, the coelom is considered a more advanced trait because it provides better protection and support to internal organs.

Question 15

Figure 32.1 shows a chart of the animal kingdom set up as a modified phylogenetic tree. Use the diagram to answer the following questions.
-Which two groups have members that undergo ecdysis?
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)III and IV
D)III and V
E)IV and V

Accepted Answer

The answer of  
Figure 32.1 shows a chart of...

Question 16

Figure 32.1 shows a chart of the animal kingdom set up as a modified phylogenetic tree. Use the diagram to answer the following questions.
-Which group includes both ecdysozoans and lophotrochozoans?
A)I
B)II
C)III
D)IV
E)V

Accepted Answer

The answer of  
Figure 32.1 shows a chart of...

Question 17

At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a diploblastic embryo from a triploblastic embryo?
A)fertilization
B)cleavage
C)gastrulation
D)coelom formation
E)metamorphosis

Accepted Answer

Distinguishing a diploblastic embryo from a triploblastic embryo requires knowledge of the germ layers, which are formed during gastrulation.

Question 18

Figure 32.1 shows a chart of the animal kingdom set up as a modified phylogenetic tree. Use the diagram to answer the following questions.
-Which group consists of deuterostomes?
A)I
B)II
C)III
D)IV
E)V

Accepted Answer

Group II consists of deuterostomes, which include vertebrates, echinoderms, and others.

Question 19

At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a protostome embryo from a deuterostome embryo?
A)fertilization
B)cleavage
C)gastrulation
D)coelom formation
E)metamorphosis

Accepted Answer

The answer of At which developmental stage should one be...

Question 20

You are trying to identify an organism. It is an animal, but it does not have nerve or muscle tissue. It is neither diploblastic nor triploblastic. It is probably a
A)flatworm.
B)jelly.
C)comb jelly.
D)sponge.
E)nematode.

Accepted Answer

The organism described lacks nerve and muscle tissue and is not diploblastic or triploblastic, which suggests it may be a sponge. Sponges have a unique organization and lack true tissues, making them distinct from other animals.

Quiz 32: An Introduction to Animal Diversity

What is the correct sequence of the following four events during an animal's development? 1) gastrulation 2) metamorphosis 3) fertilization 4) cleavage

Organisms showing radial symmetry would likely

Figure 32.1 shows a chart of the animal kingdom set up as a modified phylogenetic tree. Use the diagram to answer the following questions. -Which group contains diploblastic organisms?

Which of the following is a correct association of an animal germ layer with the tissues or organs to which it gives rise?

Figure 32.1 shows a chart of the animal kingdom set up as a modified phylogenetic tree. Use the diagram to answer the following questions. -Which of these is the basal group of the Eumetazoa?

Cephalization is primarily associated with

Organisms that are neither coelomate nor pseudocoelomate should, apart from their digestive systems, have bodies that

Figure 32.1 shows a chart of the animal kingdom set up as a modified phylogenetic tree. Use the diagram to answer the following questions. -Which two groups are most clearly represented in the Ediacaran fauna?

Cephalization is most closely associated with which of the following?

What may have occurred to prevent species that are of the same grade from also belonging to the same clade?

Soon after the coelom begins to form, a researcher injects a dye into the coelom of a deuterostome embryo. Initially, the dye should be able to flow directly into the

During metamorphosis, echinoderms undergo a transformation from motile larvae to a sedentary (or sometimes sessile) existence as adults. What differentiates echinoderm adults, but not their larvae? Adults should

A researcher is trying to construct a molecular-based phylogeny of the entire animal kingdom. Assuming that none of the following genes is absolutely conserved, which of the following would be the best choice on which to base the phylogeny?

What distinguishes a coelomate animal from a pseudocoelomate animal is that coelomates

Figure 32.1 shows a chart of the animal kingdom set up as a modified phylogenetic tree. Use the diagram to answer the following questions. -Which two groups have members that undergo ecdysis?

Figure 32.1 shows a chart of the animal kingdom set up as a modified phylogenetic tree. Use the diagram to answer the following questions. -Which group includes both ecdysozoans and lophotrochozoans?

At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a diploblastic embryo from a triploblastic embryo?

Figure 32.1 shows a chart of the animal kingdom set up as a modified phylogenetic tree. Use the diagram to answer the following questions. -Which group consists of deuterostomes?

At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a protostome embryo from a deuterostome embryo?

You are trying to identify an organism. It is an animal, but it does not have nerve or muscle tissue. It is neither diploblastic nor triploblastic. It is probably a