Question 1

Asthma is

Accepted Answer

Asthma is caused by excessive stimulation of smooth muscle in the bronchioles, resulting in constriction and narrowing of the airways. This can lead to difficulty breathing, wheezing, and coughing.

Question 2

Primary bronchi enter their respective lungs along with pulmonary vessels, nerves, and lymphatics at whichregion?

Accepted Answer

The region where the primary bronchi enter their respective lungs along with pulmonary vessels, nerves, and lymphatics is called the hilum.

Question 3

The right lung is to ________ as the left lung is to ________.

Accepted Answer

The right lung has three lobes (superior, middle, and inferior), while the left lung has two lobes (superior and inferior), to accommodate the space for the heart.

Question 4

The interlobular septa divide the lungs into

Accepted Answer

The interlobular septa divide the lungs into pulmonary lobules, which are the functional units of the lung where gas exchange occurs.

Question 5

Respiratory function deteriorates as a result of pneumonia because inflammation

Accepted Answer

Inflammation caused by pneumonia leads to fluids leaking into the alveoli, which hinders the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, thereby deteriorating respiratory function.

Question 6

JJ is suffering from laryngitis. He will most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Laryngitis is the inflammation of the voice box, or larynx, causing hoarseness or loss of voice. Coughing, sneezing, suffocation, and impaired swallowing can occur with other respiratory illnesses, but are not specifically associated with laryngitis.

Question 7

The blood air barrier consists of

Accepted Answer

The blood air barrier is a specialized structure in the lungs that allows for gas exchange between the alveoli and capillaries. It consists of two layers of simple squamous epithelium, which are very thin and allow for efficient diffusion of gases. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, moist cuboidal epithelium, and stratified squamous epithelium are not found in the blood air barrier. Surfactant cells are present but are not the primary component of the barrier.

Question 8

The following is a list of some airways. What is the order in which air passes through them?
1) lobar bronchus
2) bronchioles
3) alveolar ducts
4) primary bronchus
5) respiratory bronchiole
6) alveoli
7) terminal bronchiole

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence of air passage through the airways is: primary bronchus (4), lobar bronchus (1), bronchioles (2), terminal bronchiole (7), respiratory bronchiole (5), alveolar ducts (3), and finally alveoli (6).

Question 9

The condition resulting from inadequate production of surfactant and the resultant collapse of alveoli is

Accepted Answer

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is caused by inadequate production of surfactant, resulting in the collapse of alveoli and difficulty breathing. It is a common condition in premature infants but can also occur in adults with lung injury or disease. Options B, C, D, and E are not caused by inadequate surfactant production.

Question 10

The thyroid cartilage is also called the

Accepted Answer

The thyroid cartilage is commonly referred to as the laryngeal prominence and Adam's apple. These terms describe the noticeable bulge in the neck that is more prominent in males and is part of the larynx structure.

Question 11

The flap-like structure that prevents food from entering the larynx is called the

Accepted Answer

The flap-like structure that prevents food from entering the larynx is called the epiglottis. The uvula is a tissue hanging from the soft palate, the soft palate is a muscular structure at the back of the roof of the mouth, and the thyroid and cricoid cartilages are part of the structure of the larynx but do not function specifically to prevent food from entering it.

Question 12

Children have slender, short vocal cords so their voices tend to be

Accepted Answer

Children have shorter vocal cords which vibrate at a faster rate, producing a higher pitch in the voice.

Question 13

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term bronchiolar smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Bronchiolar smooth muscle is responsible for controlling the diameter of the airways, and when it contracts, it increases airway resistance, making it harder for air to flow in and out of the lungs.

Question 14

A patient with a connective tissue disease experiences increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Over a period of time, you would expect to observe

Accepted Answer

Increased pulmonary vascular resistance will lead to an increased workload on the right ventricle, causing it to become hypertrophied (thicker). This is because the right ventricle is responsible for pumping blood to the lungs against the increased resistance, and over time, this leads to increased muscle mass. While there may be some compensatory changes from the left ventricle, it is not the primary pump for the lungs and is less likely to have significant changes. Distension of the pulmonary veins from the right lung would also be an unlikely outcome, as this would require significant backflow and pressure buildup in the pulmonary circulation. Finally, it is unlikely that there would be no changes in heart structure or function in response to long-term increased pulmonary vascular resistance.

Question 15

The most superior portion of the lung is called the

Accepted Answer

The apex is the superior and most elevated portion of the lung.

Question 16

An elastic ________ ligament and the ________ muscle connect the ends of tracheal cartilage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An elastic ________ ligament and the ________...

Question 17

The ligament bridging the larynx with the trachea is the ________ ligament.

Accepted Answer

The ligament bridging the larynx with the trachea is called the cricotracheal ligament. The cricoid, thyrohyoid, vestibular, and cricothyroid ligaments are all located within or immediately surrounding the larynx, but are not specifically involved in bridging the larynx to the trachea.

Question 18

Surfactant is produced by what cell type in the alveolus?

Accepted Answer

Surfactant is produced by pneumocytes Type II in the alveolus.

Question 19

The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the

Accepted Answer

The blood air barrier of the alveoli is where O2 and CO2 exchange occurs within the lungs. The bronchioles and terminal bronchioles are involved in air transport but not gas exchange. The spaces between the parietal and visceral pleura and interlobular septa do not play a role in gas exchange.

Question 20

The resulting pain and inflammation when pleural fluid is unable to prevent friction between the opposing pleural surfaces is known as

Accepted Answer

Pleurisy is the medical term used to describe the pain and inflammation that occurs when the pleural fluid is unable to prevent friction between the opposing pleural surfaces, leading to discomfort and difficulty breathing. Pulmonary hypertension, asthma, emphysema, and COPD are all conditions that can affect the lungs, but do not directly relate to the functioning of the pleural fluid.

Quiz 23: The Respiratory System