Question 1

Investigators find a greater incidence of erectile dysfunction in each of the following types of cultures EXCEPT cultures with ________.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that cultures with restrictive attitudes toward homosexuality have a higher incidence of erectile dysfunction. Cultures with restrictive attitudes toward premarital sex among females, sex in marriage, and extramarital sex were not shown to have a higher incidence of erectile dysfunction.

Question 2

Initial sensate focus exercises involve __________.

Accepted Answer

Initial sensate focus exercises typically involve mutual massage, where partners take turns touching each other's bodies in a non-sexual way to build intimacy and comfort with physical contact.

Question 3

Albert Ellis claims that ________ contribute to sexual dysfunctions.

Accepted Answer

Albert Ellis, the founder of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), claimed that irrational beliefs and attitudes contribute to sexual dysfunctions. He believed that people's unrealistic expectations, negative self-talk, and other irrational thoughts about sex can interfere with sexual performance and satisfaction.

Question 4

For behaviourists,sexual fulfillment is also based on ________.

Accepted Answer

Behaviourists believe that sexual fulfillment is based on learning sexual skills through behavioural conditioning. This involves building positive reinforcement associated with fulfilling sexual experiences and correcting poor practices through punishment or extinction techniques. Changing one's thoughts about sex and improving communication skills may also play a role in sexual satisfaction, but these are not the primary focuses of behaviourism in relation to sexuality.

Question 5

In the treatment of sexual dysfunctions,the past 20 years have seen a greater emphasis on the role of ________ factors and a ________ use of medical and surgical treatments.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the treatment of sexual dysfunctions,the past...

Question 6

The Barlow model highlights the role of ________ in sexual dysfunctions.

Accepted Answer

The Barlow model focuses on the importance of interfering cognitions in the development and maintenance of sexual dysfunctions. These negative thoughts or beliefs can contribute to performance anxiety and reduced sexual arousal. While sociocultural factors, unconscious conflicts, and conditioned anxiety may also play a role in sexual dysfunctions, they are not emphasized in the Barlow model.

Question 7

George and Martha go into therapy to resolve sexual problems in their marriage.Their therapist uses behavioural methods to change problem behaviours and expectancies,as well as "insight therapy" to help them understand and work through underlying fears and conflicts impeding their behavioural progress.This treatment approach is most like that of ________.

Accepted Answer

Kaplan's approach to sex therapy integrates psychoanalytic (insight therapy) principles with behavioral techniques, addressing both the psychological and behavioral aspects of sexual dysfunction, similar to the scenario described.

Question 8

Helen Singer Kaplan claims that ________ contribute to sexual dysfunctions.

Accepted Answer

Problems in our ability to regulate our levels of sexual arousal can contribute to sexual dysfunctions.

Question 9

As part of their sex therapy,Bernie and Bev are asked to massage,or pleasure,each other for extended periods of time without touching each other's genitals.This technique is called ________.

Accepted Answer

Sensate focus exercising is a technique used in sex therapy where couples are encouraged to explore each other's bodies through non-sexual touching, such as massaging, without touching each other's genitals. The goal is to increase intimacy and comfort with each other's bodies. Relaxation training and self-spectatoring are not related to this technique, while covert sensitization involves associating negative experiences with a behavior to reduce or eliminate that behavior.

Question 10

Most contemporary sex therapists assume that sexual dysfunctions ________.

Accepted Answer

Most contemporary sex therapists assume that sexual dysfunctions can be treated by directly modifying the couple's sexual interactions through techniques such as behavioral therapy or sensate focus exercises. Other forms of therapy may also be used in conjunction with this approach, but the focus is on directly addressing the problem and finding practical solutions.

Question 11

People who become spectators,rather than performers,during sexual activity are often troubled by ________.

Accepted Answer

Spectators who become anxious or worried about their own sexual performance are experiencing performance anxiety. This can cause them to withdraw from sexual activity and become less likely to engage as a performer. Castration anxiety refers specifically to anxiety about losing one's genitals, while sexual interest/desire disorder and sexual pain disorders refer to broader issues with sexual function and enjoyment.

Question 12

Modern psychodynamic therapists recognize that sexual dysfunctions stem from ________.

Accepted Answer

Modern psychodynamic therapists consider sociocultural factors as the main source of sexual dysfunctions, such as cultural pressures, gender roles, and social expectations. They also view interpersonal difficulties and negative beliefs and attitudes about sex as influential factors. Penis envy is an outdated Freudian concept that is not widely accepted, and performance anxiety or genetic influences are not the primary focus of psychodynamic therapy for sexual dysfunctions.

Question 13

Until ________ work in the 1960s,there was no effective treatment for most sexual dysfunctions.

Accepted Answer

Masters' and Johnson's work in the 1960s revolutionized the field of sex therapy by introducing behavior therapy techniques and providing an effective treatment for sexual dysfunctions through their pioneering research on human sexual response.

Question 14

Behaviourists focus largely on the role of ________ in explaining sexual dysfunctions.

Accepted Answer

Behaviourists believe that sexual dysfunctions are due to conditioned anxiety, which occurs when an individual associates negative experiences or anxiety with sexual activity. This can lead to avoidance or inhibition of sexual activity, resulting in sexual dysfunctions. Negative reinforcement and short-term, self-centred rewards may contribute to maintaining this avoidance behaviour, but they are not the primary focus of behaviourists in explaining sexual dysfunctions. Negative cognitive expectancies are more closely associated with cognitive-behavioural theories rather than behaviourism.

Question 15

Ejaculation is under the control of the ________.

Accepted Answer

Ejaculation is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, specifically the lumbar spinal cord. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response and is involved in the ejaculation reflex.

Question 16

George and Martha go into therapy to resolve sexual problems in their marriage.Their therapist has them go to a clinic for an intensive two-week program in which they do homework assignments,work extensively with a male and female team of therapists,and focus entirely on their relationship and changing problem behaviours.This treatment program is most like that of ________.

Accepted Answer

The intensive two-week program and focus on homework assignments, working with a male and female team of therapists, and changing problem behaviors is consistent with the treatment approach developed by Masters and Johnson, who were known for their research into human sexuality and therapy techniques for sexual dysfunction.

Question 17

The erectile reflex is mediated by the ________.

Accepted Answer

The erectile reflex is mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for promoting relaxation and arousal responses in the body. This reflex involves the release of nitric oxide, which relaxes the smooth muscle tissue in the blood vessels of the penis, allowing for increased blood flow and erection.

Question 18

For men with erectile problems and women with vaginal lubrication difficulties with psychological causes,the first thing they have to do is ________.

Accepted Answer

The first thing individuals with psychological causes of erectile problems or vaginal lubrication difficulties should do is relax. Stress and anxiety can often exacerbate these issues, so it's important to find ways to calm the mind and body before attempting any other solutions.

Question 19

Researchers have found that mild levels of anxiety contribute to sexual ________.

Accepted Answer

Mild anxiety can increase arousal in normal men due to heightened physiological responses, but it may exacerbate dysfunction in men who already have sexual performance issues.

Question 20

Each of the following is true of sex therapy EXCEPT ________.

Accepted Answer

Sex therapy typically involves the couple attending therapy sessions together, rather than individual therapy. Therefore, the statement "it usually involves individual therapy" is not true.

Quiz 9: Gender Dysphoria,paraphilic Disorders,and Sexual Dysfunctions