Question 1

Psychologist O.Ivar Lovaas and his colleagues offer a cognitive-behavioural perspective on Autism spectrum disorder.They suggest that children with the disorder have perceptual deficits that limit them to processing only one stimulus at a time.

Accepted Answer

O. Ivar Lovaas and his colleagues proposed that children with autism have perceptual deficits, which is a cognitive-behavioral perspective, suggesting they process one stimulus at a time.

Question 2

The cause of Down syndrome remains unknown.

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome is caused by a genetic anomaly where an individual has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two.

Question 3

Researchers have recently pinpointed some specific causal processes in the brain that can account for Autism spectrum disorder.

Accepted Answer

While researchers have identified various genetic and environmental factors that can contribute to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), they have not pinpointed specific causal processes in the brain that can account for ASD universally. The condition is complex, with a multifactorial etiology, and its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.

Question 4

The majority of intellectual disability is caused by spontaneous mutations.

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous mutations, or mutations that are not inherited from parents, are estimated to be the cause of about 85% of intellectual disability. The remaining 15% is caused by genetic disorders that are inherited from parents.

Question 5

The recent discovery of trait and state markers for autism spectrum disorder may lead to its cure.

Accepted Answer

While the discovery of trait and state markers for autism spectrum disorder is a significant advancement in understanding this condition, it does not necessarily guarantee a cure. The markers may lead to more targeted and effective treatments, but a cure remains uncertain.

Question 6

People with a severe intellectual disability outnumber those with a mild intellectual disability .

Accepted Answer

People with a mild intellectual disability significantly outnumber those with a severe intellectual disability. Most individuals diagnosed with intellectual disabilities fall into the mild category, which allows for more independent living skills compared to those with severe intellectual disabilities.

Question 7

Leo Kanner suggested that children with Autism spectrum disorder were reared by overly protective parents that he dubbed "emotional hothouses."

Accepted Answer

Leo Kanner initially suggested that autism was related to a lack of parental warmth and a cold, distant parenting style, rather than being reared by overly protective parents.

Question 8

The DSM-5 uses three criteria in diagnosing intellectual disability .One of these is an IQ score of approximately 85 or below on a test like the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)or the Stanford-Binet.

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 specifies an IQ score of approximately 70 or below as one of the criteria for diagnosing intellectual disability, not 85.

Question 9

One line of research has focused on drugs normally used to treat depression,such as Haldol,which blocks dopamine activity.

Accepted Answer

Haldol is not typically used to treat depression. It is an antipsychotic medication that is used to treat symptoms of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. It works by blocking dopamine activity in the brain.

Question 10

Children with Autism spectrum disorder appear to have difficulty integrating information from various senses.At times,they seem hyposensitive to stimulation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children with Autism spectrum disorder appear to...

Question 11

The highest functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder exhibit normal communication and social skills and a wide range of interests.

Accepted Answer

While some adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can function at a high level, they often still experience challenges in communication, social skills, and may have restricted interests, which are core aspects of the condition.

Question 12

MRI studies have revealed specific structural deformities in the brain that may be associated with autism spectrum disorder.

Accepted Answer

Multiple studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have identified specific differences in brain structure in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to typically developing individuals. These differences include larger brain volume, decreased cortical thickness in specific areas, and altered connectivity patterns between brain regions. However, it is important to note that not all individuals with ASD exhibit these structural differences and the causes and implications of these findings are still being studied.

Question 13

New drug treatments appear to foster cognitive and language development among autism spectrum disordered children.

Accepted Answer

The answer of New drug treatments appear to foster cognitive...

Question 14

The major cause of Autism spectrum disorder appears to be parents who are cold,distant,and rejecting toward their child.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. The exact cause of Autism spectrum disorder is not fully understood, but research suggests it is a combination of genetic and environmental factors, such as prenatal exposure to toxins or certain infections during pregnancy. Parenting style has not been identified as a major cause of autism.

Question 15

The brain tissue that connects the two halves of the brain,the corpus callosum,is smaller than normal in autism spectrum disordered patients,which may affect lateralization of brain function.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the corpus callosum is smaller than normal in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, which may affect communication and coordination between the two halves of the brain, potentially impacting brain lateralization.

Question 16

The area of the brain that regulates intellectual and emotional functions,the cerebellum,shows abnormal development in autism spectrum disordered individuals.

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is not the area of the brain that regulates intellectual and emotional functions. It is involved in motor control, coordination, and balance. Abnormalities in the cerebellum have been linked to some symptoms of autism, but it is not the only area of the brain that is affected. Other areas such as the prefrontal cortex and amygdala are also involved in regulating intellectual and emotional functions and show differences in ASD individuals.

Question 17

IQ tests of infant intelligence are generally reliable.

Accepted Answer

IQ tests cannot reliably measure the intelligence of infants as they are too young to have developed their cognitive abilities fully. Therefore, any results obtained from infant IQ tests are not considered reliable or valid measures of intelligence.

Question 18

The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities classifies intellectual disability according to level of intelligence.

Accepted Answer

The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) classifies intellectual disability based on the level of support required, not just the level of intelligence.

Question 19

Biological theorists suspect that Autism spectrum disorder results from damage to the right hemisphere of the cerebral cortex.

Accepted Answer

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is believed to involve complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors, rather than resulting from damage to a specific hemisphere of the cerebral cortex. Research suggests abnormalities in several areas of the brain, not limited to the right hemisphere.

Question 20

There is no cure for autism spectrum disorder.

Accepted Answer

Currently, there is no known cure for autism spectrum disorder. However, there are various treatments and therapies available that can help individuals with autism manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.

Quiz 11: Abnormal Behaviour Across the Lifespan