Question 1

The root of a file system is denoted by the ____.

Accepted Answer

The forward slash is used to denote the root of a file system in Unix-based operating systems such as Linux and macOS. This is in contrast to Windows-based operating systems, which use the backward slash.

Question 2

____ are programs that perform operations such as copying files,listing directories,and communicating with other users.

Accepted Answer

Utilities are software programs that perform various tasks, such as copying files, listing directories, disk formatting, and data backup. They are typically included with an operating system or can be downloaded separately. Applications are software programs designed for specific tasks, such as word processing or video editing. Services are background processes that run continuously in an operating system, providing essential functions such as network connectivity or file sharing. Extents, on the other hand, are a data structure used in file systems to represent continuous blocks of data.

Question 3

The two most popular hard disk interfaces are IDE and ____.

Accepted Answer

SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) is another popular hard disk interface alongside IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics).

Question 4

The command cd source uses relative path addressing.

Accepted Answer

The command "cd source" uses a relative path addressing because it is specifying a directory ("source") that is relative to the current working directory.

Question 5

The ____ directory contains the kernel (operating system)images.

Accepted Answer

The /boot directory typically contains the kernel images and other files needed for booting the operating system.

Question 6

If you plan to have multiple users accessing your system,you should consider having a -var partition in which to store some or all of the nonkernel operating system programs that are accessed by users.

Accepted Answer

The `/var` partition is used for variable data like logs, mail spools, and print queues, not for storing nonkernel operating system programs. Programs are typically stored in `/usr` or `/opt`.

Question 7

A disadvantage of ufs is that it does not support journaling.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. UFS does support journaling since FreeBSD 5.0 and Solaris 10. Journaling enhances the reliability and recovery time of the file system after an unexpected shutdown or system crash.

Question 8

If you plan to have multiple users access a system,you can create a ____ partition,which is the home directory for all users' directories.

Accepted Answer

The "/home" partition is typically designated as the home directory for all users' directories in a Linux system. Each user will have a subdirectory within "/home" where their individual files and settings are stored.

Question 9

A(n)____ is used to reduce file fragmentation,because a block of contiguous disk storage can be reserved for a file.

Accepted Answer

Extent is a contiguous block of disk space that is reserved for a file. Using extents helps in reducing file fragmentation as multiple non-contiguous blocks of storage are not used for a single file. Partitions divide a physical disk into multiple logical units, nodes are elements of a data structure, and journals are used for writing transactional data.

Question 10

The ____ directory contains configuration files that the system uses when the computer starts.

Accepted Answer

The /etc directory contains system configuration files that are used when the computer starts up. It also includes configuration files for individual users and applications. The /boot directory contains files necessary for booting up the operating system, but not configuration files. The /bin directory contains essential binary files for running the system, such as commands like ls and cp. The /dev directory contains device files that represent the hardware on the system.

Question 11

As a general rule,the swap partition should be the same size as the amount of RAM in your computer.

Accepted Answer

This is a common recommendation, but it is not a hard and fast rule. The appropriate size of the swap partition can depend on various factors, such as the specific use case, the amount of available disk space, and the desired system behavior. Some users or systems may benefit from a smaller or larger swap partition than the amount of RAM, or even from no swap partition at all.

Question 12

The ____ directory contains executables,which are the programs needed to start the system and perform other essential system tasks.

Accepted Answer

The /bin directory contains essential executables that are required to start the system and perform other basic system tasks. These executables are independent of the system's configuration and environment settings.

Question 13

The rm -r command can be used to delete a directory that is not empty.

Accepted Answer

The rm -r command can recursively delete a directory and all its contents, even if the directory is not empty.

Question 14

The term ____ refers to a "black hole";any data sent to this device is gone forever.

Accepted Answer

The term "null" is commonly used to refer to a device or location that discards or ignores any data that is sent to it. This is often called a "black hole" because any information sent to it disappears without a trace. The other choices (void, root, and console) do not typically have this meaning.

Question 15

The UNIX file system (ufs)supports ____,which automatically move data on damaged portions of disks to areas that are not damaged.

Accepted Answer

The UNIX file system (ufs) supports hot fixes, which automatically move data on damaged portions of disks to areas that are not damaged. This helps to prevent data loss and maintain the integrity of the file system. Backups and recovery fixes are also important for data recovery, but they are not specific features of the ufs file system. Extents are used to manage file allocation, but they do not provide automatic data relocation in the event of disk damage. Therefore, the correct answer is A.

Question 16

A directory is a special kind of file that can contain other files and directories.

Accepted Answer

A directory, also known as a folder, is a file that can hold other files and directories. It serves as a way to organize files and create a hierarchical file system structure.

Question 17

You can create a ____ partition to hold files that are created temporarily,such as files used for printing documents (spool files)and files used to record monitoring and administration data,often called log files.

Accepted Answer

The /var partition is commonly used to hold temporary files such as spool and log files. The /tmp partition is also used for this purpose but is typically cleared more often and therefore may not be the best choice for long-term storage of these types of files. The /usr partition holds application programs and shared libraries, while /aux is not a valid partition name.

Question 18

UNIX-Linux systems interpret a single dot character to mean the current working directory.

Accepted Answer

This is true. The dot character "." represents the current working directory in UNIX-Linux systems, while ".." represents the parent directory.

Question 19

In Linux,the native file system is the ____,which is installed by default.

Accepted Answer

The ext fs (ext2, ext3, ext4) is the native file system in Linux and is installed by default on most distributions. It has been widely used and tested, and is known for its stability and reliability. The other options (ufs, ReiserFS, jfs) are also supported by Linux, but are less commonly used or not installed by default on most distributions.

Question 20

The ____ partition acts like an extension of memory,so that UNIX-Linux have more room to run large programs.

Accepted Answer

The swap partition in UNIX/Linux acts as a virtual memory, providing additional space to run large programs when the physical memory (RAM) runs out.

Quiz 2: Exploring the Unix-Linux File Systems and File Security