Question 1

Which routes of administration can be used to administer heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin?

Accepted Answer

Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin are administered by IV or SQ injection.

Question 2

Which of the following may be used to treat a heparin overdose?

Accepted Answer

Heparin overdose may be treated by the administration of protamine sulfate.

Question 3

Why is it important to not confuse LMWH and heparin?

Accepted Answer

Pharmacy technicians should be aware that low-molecular-weight heparins are not substitutable in accordance with product substitution laws.They must be dispensed as written.They differ in manufacturing process,molecular weight,dosage,units,and antithrombotic activity.LMWH differs from heparin in a variety of ways.LMWH can be dosed less frequently than heparin,yet the two drugs are equally effective.Heparin is dosed two or three times a day,whereas LMWH is dosed once daily.LMWH has higher bioavailability,increased half-life (t 1/2),fewer side effects (lower risk of thrombocytopenia and osteoporosis),and less protein binding.Higher doses of heparin must be administered because of protein binding.

Question 4

_____ is an orally administered anticoagulant that is used to prevent pulmonary embolism,thrombotic and embolic stroke,acute myocardial infarction (AMI),and atrial fibrillation.

Accepted Answer

Warfarin is an orally administered anticoagulant that is used to prevent pulmonary embolism,thrombotic and embolic stroke,AMI,and atrial fibrillation.

Question 5

Why would increasing high-density lipoproteins (HDL)levels be beneficial when treating atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder,and HDL has protective anti-inflammatory properties.HDL acts as an antioxidant,diminishing LDL oxidation and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.HDL also has antithrombotic,vasodilatory,and anti-infectious properties,all of which protect against cardiovascular disease.

Question 6

Drugs that control the rate of clot formation and clot dissolution are classified as _____ and can prevent stroke and myocardial infarction.

Accepted Answer

Drugs that control the rate of clot formation and clot dissolution are classified as antithrombotics and can prevent stroke and myocardial infarction.

Question 7

Which of the following may decrease the effectiveness of warfarin if consumed?

Accepted Answer

The effectiveness of warfarin may be decreased by consumption of foods rich in vitamin K and nutritional supplements with vitamin K.Foods and beverages rich in vitamin K are chickpeas,kale,turnip greens,broccoli,beef and pork liver,parsley,spinach,and green tea.

Question 8

An example of an anticoagulant that is manufactured from pig intestines and cow lungs is _____.

Accepted Answer

Heparin is an anticoagulant that is derived from pig intestines or cow lungs.

Question 9

Which auxiliary warning label should pharmacy technicians attach to the prescription vial of warfarin when it is dispensed?

Accepted Answer

Warfarin can cause fetal abnormalities,so pharmacy technicians should apply the warning label AVOID PREGNANCY to prescription vials.

Question 10

Warfarin works by interfering with the formation of vitamin ___-dependent clotting factors.

Accepted Answer

Warfarin interferes with the formation of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.

Question 11

How do thrombolytic drugs help dissolve clots?

Accepted Answer

Thrombolytics dissolve blood clots that have formed in blood vessels.They increase the activity of plasmin,an enzyme that digests fibrin and other clotting factors.Without fibrin,the structure of the thrombin clot is weakened and the clot dissolves.

Question 12

Of the following risk factors for stroke and myocardial infarctions,which one promotes atherosclerosis,increases clotting factors in the blood,stimulates vasoconstriction,and weakens the endothelial wall?

Accepted Answer

Modifiable risk factors for stroke and myocardial infarction are smoking,alcohol consumption,and diet.Smoking promotes atherosclerosis,increases clotting factors in the blood (fibrinogen),stimulates vasoconstriction,and weakens the endothelial wall.

Question 13

Antiplatelet drugs produce their effect by _____.

Accepted Answer

Antiplatelet drugs produce their effect by interfering with steps in the clot formation process.

Question 14

Antiplatelet drugs should not be combined with which of the following without medical supervision?

Accepted Answer

Antiplatelet drugs should not be combined with anticoagulants without medical supervision.

Question 15

Which of the following are the only three thrombolytic agents currently in use?

Accepted Answer

Thrombolytic agents currently in use in the United States are alteplase,tenecteplase,and reteplase.

Question 16

After reconstitution,thrombolytic drugs should be stored in the refrigerator and used within ____ hours.

Accepted Answer

All thrombolytics lose shelf-life rapidly after reconstitution.They must be stored in the refrigerator and used within 24 hours.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a mechanism of action for lipid lowering drugs in the treatment of hyperlipidemia?

Accepted Answer

Lipid-lowering drugs interfere with steps in the lipid metabolism pathway .They may affect cholesterol synthesis or elimination in bile or act on LDL metabolism.

Question 18

_____ is triggered by atherosclerosis and can also cause clogged arteries.

Accepted Answer

Atherothrombosis (the formation of a blood clot in the artery)is triggered by atherosclerosis and can also cause clogged arteries.

Question 19

Which of the following will stop the final step of cholesterol synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Statins are hydroxymethylglutaryl (HMG)CoA reductase inhibitors.HMG CoA reductase is an enzyme that is involved in the final step of cholesterol synthesis.

Question 20

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors work by blocking the final pathway of platelet aggregation and are the only _____ antiplatelet drugs.

Accepted Answer

Abciximab,eptifibatide,and tirofiban are glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors that block the final pathway of platelet aggregation.They are administered parenterally.

Quiz 24: Treatment of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke