Question 1

Early anthropologists who relied on travelers and missionaries for their fieldwork data were called:

Accepted Answer

Armchair anthropologists were scholars who based their research on secondhand sources such as missionary reports, travel literature, and other published materials without doing any fieldwork themselves.

Question 2

The fieldwork technique that involves gathering cultural data by observing people's behavior and participating in their lives is called:

Accepted Answer

Participant observation involves the researcher immersing themselves in the culture they are studying, observing behavior and participating in daily life. Cross-cultural survey, laboratory experimentation, structured interview, and stratified random sampling are all different research techniques that may be used in cultural anthropology, but they do not involve the same level of immersion as participant observation.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes an etic perspective in research?

Accepted Answer

An etic perspective in research refers to an outsider's perspective, where the researcher approaches the study from a perspective that is not grounded in the culture being studied. Option A best describes this perspective as the researcher is studying agricultural techniques by measuring the fertility of the soil in laboratory samples, which is not embedded in the culture being studied.

Question 4

Anthropological interview techniques:

Accepted Answer

Anthropological interview techniques vary widely and are tailored to fit the specific context and research needs of each field project. There is no one-size-fits-all approach or set of procedures that must be followed. Anthropologists may draw on a range of methods, including structured and semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and ethnographic conversations, depending on the goals of their research and the cultural context in which they are working.

Question 5

The Human Relations Area Files (HRAF)is:

Accepted Answer

HRAF is a database that provides cross-cultural data on a limited number of societies. It is not a database on all cultures involved in global warfare, an institution that specializes in anthropological fieldwork, a group of anthropologists that works in more than a single culture, or a database that provides cross-cultural data on all complex societies.

Question 6

What is the primary goal of emic research?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the primary goal of emic...

Question 7

Individuals who serve as guides and teachers for anthropologists in the culture in which they do fieldwork are called by all of the following terms except:

Accepted Answer

While consultants, interlocutors, informants, and respondents are all commonly used terms for individuals who serve as guides and teachers for anthropologists in the culture in which they do fieldwork, "managers" is not a commonly used term for this role.

Question 8

All of the following are associated with Franz Boas,except:

Accepted Answer

Franz Boas did not do his fieldwork in the Trobriand Islands. He conducted his fieldwork in Baffin Island, Canada and among Native American tribes in the Pacific Northwest.

Question 9

How is Malinowski's approach to the study of cultures different from Boas'?

Accepted Answer

Malinowski's approach to the study of cultures was different from Boas' in that Malinowski emphasized the idea of function in society, which stressed the importance of studying how cultural practices and institutions served a practical purpose for individuals within a society. In contrast, Boas focused on the study of historical development and the adaptation of culture to different environments. While both anthropologists conducted fieldwork, their theoretical frameworks and research interests differed. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Question 10

What do anthropologists call the feelings of alienation and helplessness that result from rapid immersion in a new and different culture?

Accepted Answer

Anthropologists call the feelings of alienation and helplessness that result from rapid immersion in a new and different culture as "Culture shock".

Question 11

Malinowski's and Boas' practices of anthropology were alike in many ways as well.All of the following are things that they shared except:

Accepted Answer

Malinowski and Boas did not share a strong emphasis on the study of history. Boas believed that culture was the product of historical processes, while Malinowski focused more on understanding the social structure and functions of societies in the present.

Question 12

Which of the following has been a hallmark of American anthropology?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following has been a...

Question 13

The function of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)is to:

Accepted Answer

The purpose of an IRB is to approve, monitor, and review all university research involving human subjects to ensure it follows ethical guidelines and protects the welfare of the participants. Certification of departments, disciplinary actions, reviewing articles, and funding research are not part of an IRB's function.

Question 14

Applying one's own cultural standards of value,worth,and morality to another culture is called:

Accepted Answer

Ethnocentrism refers to the practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture. People who are ethnocentric tend to believe that their own culture is superior to others, and they often evaluate other cultures in terms of their own customs, beliefs, and values. This can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts when people from different cultures interact.

Question 15

In place of the artificially controlled laboratory,anthropologists rely primarily on:

Accepted Answer

Ethnography and cross-cultural comparison are the primary methods used by anthropologists in place of an artificially controlled laboratory. Ethnography involves immersive fieldwork and observing people's behavior in their natural environment, while cross-cultural comparison involves analyzing the differences and similarities between cultures to understand cultural patterns and variations. Together, these methods offer a more holistic and nuanced approach to understanding human behavior and societies than a laboratory setting could.

Question 16

The Human Relations Area Files:

Accepted Answer

The Human Relations Area Files involve multiple perspectives and indexed data, making it a valuable resource for cross-cultural comparison. It is also still active today, and is available in computer searchable formats. Therefore, options A, B, D, and E are incorrect.

Question 17

Lewis Henry Morgan and Edward Tylor were influenced deeply by the evolutionary theories of:

Accepted Answer

Both Lewis Henry Morgan and Edward Tylor were deeply influenced by Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, specifically the idea of natural selection and its application to human society. They viewed cultures as evolving and developing over time, with some cultures being more primitive than others. This belief is evident in Morgan's stages of social evolution and Tylor's concept of cultural survivals.

Question 18

Lewis Henry Morgan and Edward Tylor classified small-scale societies as:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lewis Henry Morgan and Edward Tylor classified...

Question 19

Boas insisted that anthropologists must value a culture on its own terms.This idea is called:

Accepted Answer

Boas emphasized the importance of cultural relativism, which is the idea that a culture should be evaluated and understood based on its own beliefs, practices, and values rather than through the lens of one's own cultural beliefs and values.

Question 20

How would you describe Lewis Henry Morgan's and Edward Tylor's evolutionary theories?

Accepted Answer

Lewis Henry Morgan and Edward Tylor's evolutionary theories were focused on the study of the history of human society from simple technology and social institutions to complex ones. They believed that societies evolved in stages, starting from a "savagery" stage, then progressing to "barbarism" and finally to "civilization." Their theories were influential in anthropology and helped establish it as a scientific discipline.

Quiz 2: Doing Cultural Anthropology