Question 1

Libertarians would find it immoral and unjust to coerce people to give food or money to the starving.

Accepted Answer

Libertarians believe in individual liberty and limited government intervention, therefore they would see forcing people to give food or money as a violation of individual freedom. They would support voluntary donations or charity as a means of addressing the issue of starvation.

Question 2

According to "Battling Over Bottled Water," water is the lifeblood of the earth.

Accepted Answer

The article states that water is the lifeblood of the earth, indicating that it is true.

Question 3

What does Rawls mean by the original position and the veil of ignorance?

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Question 4

According to Mill,if the market is left without regulation,will it eventually reward those that deserve it?

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Question 5

According to Mill,to say that I have a right to something is to say that I have a valid claim on society to protect me in the possession of that thing,either by force of law or through education and opinion.

Accepted Answer

According to Mill, having a right to something means that one has a valid claim on society to protect them in the possession of that thing, either through force of law or through education and opinion.

Question 6

Talk of justice and injustice typically focuses on four related moral ideas.Explain what two of them are.

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Question 7

Define "Lockean rights" in your own words.

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Question 8

John Rawls's second principle of justice states that insofar as inequalities are permitted -- that is,insofar as it is compatible with justice for some jobs or positions to bring greater rewards than others -- these positions must be open to all.

Accepted Answer

This is an accurate statement of John Rawls's second principle of justice, also known as the "principle of fair equality of opportunity." It emphasizes the importance of ensuring that all individuals have an equal chance to compete for positions that may bring greater rewards, and that access to those positions is not restricted based on irrelevant factors such as social status or background.

Question 9

Explain the relationship between justice and fairness.

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Question 10

D.W.Haslett argues that inheritance is inconsistent with capitalism.

Accepted Answer

D.W. Haslett argues that inheritance goes against the fundamental principles of capitalism, such as meritocracy and competition based on individual effort and ability. Inheritance allows individuals to acquire wealth and opportunities based on factors that are beyond their control, such as their family background, rather than on their own efforts and achievements.

Question 11

Briefly explain the basic principles of Nozick's entitlement theory.

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Question 12

In his Principles of Political Economy,J.S.Mill argued for the desirability of breaking down the sharp and hostile division between the producers or workers,on the one hand,and the capitalists or owners,on the other hand.

Accepted Answer

Mill favored cooperation and mutual interests between workers and capitalists rather than perpetuating class conflict. He believed that the interests of the two groups were not inherently opposed and that cooperation would lead to greater overall prosperity.

Question 13

What is the "maximin" rule for making decisions and what role does it play in Rawls's argument?

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Question 14

According to libertarianism,liberty is the prime value,and justice consists in being free from the interference of others.

Accepted Answer

According to libertarianism, individual liberty is the most important value, and justice means being free from interference by others, including the government or other individuals.

Question 15

Libertarianism involves a commitment to leaving market relations - buying,selling,and other exchanges - totally unrestricted.

Accepted Answer

Libertarianism advocates for minimal government intervention in all aspects of society, including the economy. This means that there should be no regulations, tariffs or subsidies in the market. Thus, unrestricted buying, selling and other exchanges are the core principles of libertarianism.

Question 16

What do economists mean by "the declining marginal utility of money" and how does Brandt use the concept to argue for greater economic equality?

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Question 17

For utilitarians,justice is an independent moral standard distinct from their general principle.

Accepted Answer

For utilitarians, justice is not an independent moral standard but rather a component of their general principle of maximizing overall happiness or utility. They believe that justice is important because it contributes to overall happiness and serves the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

Question 18

John Isbister in "Income Distribution" argues that pay differentials are necessary to acknowledge capability,work and talent differences.What's a strong objection to his belief?

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Question 19

It is clear that women in the United States have no problem living the American Dream.

Accepted Answer

While some women may have achieved the American Dream, there are still significant barriers and inequalities that many women face in the US. Factors such as the gender pay gap, limited access to affordable healthcare, and discrimination in the workplace can all make it difficult for women to fully realize their version of the American Dream.

Question 20

According to John Stuart Mill,what does it mean to say that a person has a right to something?

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Quiz 3: Justice and Economic Distribution