Question 1

Epidemiologic studies of atomic bomb survivors exposed in utero have provided conclusive evidence of a dose-dependent increase in the incidence of severe intellectual disability for fetal doses greater than approximately

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

The effective dose (EfD)limiting system supersedes

Accepted Answer

The effective dose (EfD) limiting system was introduced as a replacement for the maximum permissible dose (MPD) system. The MPD system was based on the assumption that there was a safe, acceptable level of exposure to ionizing radiation. However, it did not take into account the fact that different organs and tissues have different sensitivities to radiation. The effective dose limiting system takes into account the differing sensitivities of organs and tissues to radiation, and sets limits on the effective dose that a worker can receive. It has superseded the MPD system in radiation protection regulations in many countries.

Question 3

The effective dose (EfD)limit for the lens of the eye is

Accepted Answer

The latest ICRP recommendation for the annual occupational dose limit for the lens of the eye is 20 mSv, with the condition that doses to the lens should not exceed 50 mSv in any single year. Therefore, the effective dose (EfD) limit for the lens of the eye is 50 mSv. Among the given choices, the closest value is B, which is 15 mSv. Therefore, B is the best choice.

Question 4

The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR)evaluates human and environmental ionizing radiation exposures from a variety of sources,including
1)radioactive materials
2)radiation-producing machines
3)radiation accidents

Accepted Answer

The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) evaluates ionizing radiation exposures from a variety of sources, including radioactive materials, radiation-producing machines, and radiation accidents. Therefore, the correct choice is D, which includes all three sources.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Medical imaging personnel are trained to follow safety protocols and wear protective gear to minimize their exposure to ionizing radiation. Therefore, it is not typical for them to receive doses close to the annual occupational effective dose limit. However, there may be rare instances where exposures are higher than usual, but it is not the norm. Therefore, option C is the most accurate statement.

Question 6

The main function of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)is to
1)inspect imaging facilities.
2)oversee the nuclear energy industry.
3)regulate imaging facilities.

Accepted Answer

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) oversees the nuclear energy industry, including the regulation of nuclear power plants and materials. The NRC does not have any authority over imaging facilities, which are typically regulated by state health departments.

Question 7

The ALARA concept adopts an extremely conservative model with respect to the relationship between

Accepted Answer

The ALARA concept (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) is a principle used in radiation protection that advocates for minimizing radiation doses to individuals and the public. It adopts an extremely conservative model with respect to the relationship between ionizing radiation and potential risk, and therefore sets strict guidelines on radiation exposure for workers and the public. Health care education and radiation research, ionizing and nonionizing radiation, and radiation dose and health care spending are not directly related to the ALARA concept.

Question 8

Revised concepts of radiation exposure and risk have brought about more recent changes in NCRP recommendations for limits on exposure to ionizing radiation.Because many conflicting views exist on assessing the risk of cancer induction from low-level radiation exposure,the trend has been to

Accepted Answer

With conflicting views on assessing the risk of cancer induction from low-level radiation exposure, the trend has been to create more rigorous radiation protection standards to ensure the safety of individuals exposed to ionizing radiation. Therefore, option A is the best answer.

Question 9

If a certain dose of radiation produces a skin burn,a higher dose of radiation will cause the skin burn to be more severe;however,a dose below the threshold level for skin burn will

Accepted Answer

A dose below the threshold level for skin burn will not cause a skin burn, hence it will not demonstrate the effect of causing a skin burn at all. Threshold levels indicate the minimum amount of exposure to a stimulus necessary to produce a noticeable effect.

Question 10

Upper boundary radiation exposure limits for occupationally exposed persons are associated with risks that are similar to those encountered by employees in other industries that are generally considered to be reasonably safe.These industries include
1)manufacturing.
2)trade.
3)government.

Accepted Answer

The upper boundary radiation exposure limits for occupationally exposed persons are designed to ensure that the risks they face are comparable to the risks encountered in other industries considered to be reasonably safe, such as manufacturing, trade, and government. This approach helps to standardize safety across different sectors.

Question 11

Which of the following are functions and/or responsibilities of the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)?
1)Functions as a monitoring agency in places of employment,predominantly in industry
2)Regulates occupational exposure to radiation through Part 1910 of Title 29 of the U.S.Code of Federal Regulations (29 CFR 1910)
3)Responsible for regulations concerning an employee's "right to know" with regard to hazards in the workplace

Accepted Answer

OSHA is responsible for monitoring safety in workplaces, regulating exposure to hazards such as radiation (as specified in 29 CFR 1910), and ensuring employees are informed about workplace hazards, fulfilling all the roles listed.

Question 12

Which of the following terms involves a random effect of ionizing radiation?

Accepted Answer

A stochastic event is a random event that occurs due to ionizing radiation. Examples of stochastic events include cancer and genetic mutations, which occur randomly and are not dependent on the dose of radiation received. The other options listed involve deterministic effects, which are dependent on the dose of radiation received and occur with a certain threshold of exposure.

Question 13

Which of the following are responsibilities of a health care facility's radiation safety committee (RSC)?
1)Delegate operational funds in the budget for the radiation safety program
2)Provide guidance for the radiation safety program
3)Facilitate the ongoing operation of the radiation safety program

Accepted Answer

The Radiation Safety Committee (RSC) is primarily responsible for providing guidance for the radiation safety program and facilitating its ongoing operation. Delegating operational funds in the budget is typically a responsibility of the facility's administration or finance department, not the RSC.

Question 14

Occasional exposure for the purpose of education and training is permitted,provided that special care is taken to ensure that the annual effective dose limit of ____________ is not exceeded for persons under the age of 18 years.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is 1 mSv annually. This is the annual effective dose limit set for persons under the age of 18 years for occasional exposure for the purpose of education and training, ensuring that their exposure is kept to a minimum while allowing for educational opportunities.

Question 15

The cumulative effective dose (CumEfD)limit does not include
1)exposure acquired as a consequence of a radiation worker undergoing medical imaging procedures.
2)radiation exposure from natural background radiation.
3)radiation exposure received while radiographers perform imaging procedures on patients.

Accepted Answer

The cumulative effective dose limit excludes exposure from medical imaging procedures and natural background radiation, as these are not occupational exposures.

Question 16

Determine the cumulative effective dose (CumEfD)limit to the whole body of an occupationally exposed person who is 46 years old.

Accepted Answer

The cumulative effective dose limit for an occupationally exposed person who is 46 years old is 460 mSv, as per the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) guidelines. Therefore, option C is the correct answer. Option A and B are too low, and option D is too high, exceeding the maximum cumulative dose limit for a radiation worker.

Question 17

Which of the following agencies was previously known as the Atomic Energy Commission?

Accepted Answer

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) was previously known as the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) is responsible for regulating food, drugs, and medical devices. The ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection) and NCRP (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements) are organizations that set radiation protection standards and guidelines, but they are not government agencies.

Question 18

The essential concept underlying radiation protection is that

Accepted Answer

The essential concept underlying radiation protection is that any organ in the human body is vulnerable to damage from exposure to ionizing radiation. It is important to minimize unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation and ensure that any medical or occupational exposures are within safe limits.

Question 19

The responsibility for maintaining radiation monitoring records for all personnel and for providing counseling for individuals who receive monitor readings in excess of allowable limits belongs to the

Accepted Answer

The designated radiation safety officer of a health care facility is responsible for maintaining radiation monitoring records for all personnel and providing counseling for individuals who receive monitor readings in excess of allowable limits. This is in accordance with the guidelines set by regulatory agencies such as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. The other options, such as the director of human resources or hospital administrator, may have some responsibilities related to radiation safety, but they are not specifically responsible for maintaining radiation monitoring records or providing counseling for individuals with high readings. The radiologic technologist in charge of quality control may be involved in ensuring radiation safety practices are followed, but is not responsible for maintaining records or providing counseling.

Question 20

Which of the following groups is run by the government of Japan,primarily to study Japanese atomic bomb survivors?

Accepted Answer

The Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) is a joint Japan-U.S. research organization that is primarily funded by the Japanese government. Its main focus is studying the long-term health effects of radiation exposure, particularly on the survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Quiz 10: Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation

Epidemiologic studies of atomic bomb survivors exposed in utero have provided conclusive evidence of a dose-dependent increase in the incidence of severe intellectual disability for fetal doses greater than approximately

The effective dose (EfD) limiting system supersedes

The effective dose (EfD) limit for the lens of the eye is

The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) evaluates human and environmental ionizing radiation exposures from a variety of sources,including 1) radioactive materials 2) radiation-producing machines 3) radiation accidents