Question 1

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution protects freedom of speech, which means that anyone, including those spreading nutrition misinformation, is protected from government censorship or punishment.

Answer: None of the other options

B) Pseudoscience refers to beliefs or practices that are presented as scientific but lack evidence or are inconsistent with established scientific principles. It is not a valid scientific study.
C) In the United States, various health professionals, including registered dietitian nutritionists, can provide nutrition information.
D) Registered dietitian nutritionists are required to complete continuing education units to maintain their certification, which helps ensure that they stay up to date with the latest research and knowledge in nutrition and dietetics.

Question 2

The ________ is responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications.

Accepted Answer

FDA stands for the Food and Drug Administration, which is the federal agency responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications, as well as food, cosmetics, medical devices, and other products regulated by the agency. The EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) is responsible for protecting human health and the environment, the NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission) is responsible for ensuring the safe use of nuclear materials, and the FTC (Federal Trade Commission) is responsible for promoting competition and protecting consumers from misleading or deceptive advertising.

Question 3

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system.The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects,and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people.The pills that do not contain the vitamin are

Accepted Answer

Placebos are inactive substances that do not contain any active ingredient. In this study, one group of people is given pills that do not contain vitamin C or any other active ingredient, which makes them placebos. This allows researchers to compare the effects of vitamin C in the other group receiving pills containing the vitamin. The other answer options (A, B, and D) are not relevant in this context.

Question 4

A popular women's magazine has an article about the health benefits of consuming calcium-rich foods.If the article's author has the credentials,________,after his or her name,the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.

Accepted Answer

RDN stands for Registered Dietitian Nutritionist, indicating that the author has completed education and training in nutrition and dietetics and has passed an exam to become a registered and licensed healthcare professional. This credential shows that the author is likely to have expertise and credibility in the field of nutrition, making the article a reliable source of information. The other options, DN (Dietitian Nutritionist), PhD (Doctor of Philosophy), and CNA (Certified Nursing Assistant), may indicate knowledge and training in related fields but do not specifically indicate expertise in nutrition.

Question 5

An online advertisement for a weight-loss product includes before and after photos of a woman who supposedly lost 50 pounds in 3 weeks while taking the product.The bottom of the ad includes the statement,"Results are not typical." This statement is an example of a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

The statement "Results are not typical" is a disclaimer, which is a legal statement added to advertisements to absolve the company of any responsibility if the product does not work as expected. It indicates that the claims made in the advertisement may not apply to everyone who uses the product.

Question 6

A group of researchers wants to determine whether certain dietary factors are associated with the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)in children.The scientists follow a group of 500 healthy newborn babies for 10 years and collect health information as well as dietary practices for each child.At the end of the study period,the scientists analyze the data for correlations between the children's dietary practices and their likelihood of being diagnosed with ADHD.This is an example of a ________ study.

Accepted Answer

The study is following a group of healthy newborn babies for 10 years and collecting information on their dietary practices and health outcomes. This is an example of a prospective study, as the data is being collected over time, rather than retrospectively looking back at past data. A factorial study involves manipulating multiple variables, and a hypothetical study is not a recognized type of study design.

Question 7

The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the

Accepted Answer

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is responsible for enforcing consumer protection laws related to false or misleading health-related claims in advertising and marketing. The other agencies listed have different areas of focus, such as environmental protection (EPA), agricultural research (ARS), and disease prevention (CDC).

Question 8

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of zinc supplements on migraines in adults.The study involves providing pills that contain zinc to one group of human subjects,and pills that do not contain zinc or other active ingredients to another group of people.The pills that do not contain zinc are

Accepted Answer

Placebos are inactive substances that have no medical effect but are given to the control group in clinical trials to determine the effectiveness of the active drug or treatment being tested. In this study, the group that receives pills without zinc is the control group, and they will receive placebos that do not contain any active ingredients.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

The statement that information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed is false. While some websites may provide reliable nutrition information, it is important to evaluate the source and check for peer-reviewed studies or reputable sources.

Question 10

During an online interview,Dr.Ima Quack provides the following statement,"Most Americans suffer from nutritional-deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr.Quack's statement is an example of a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Quack's statement is meant to create fear in order to convince people to try her treatment, which is a common tactic used in advertising and marketing known as a "scare tactic." It is not based on scientific evidence or observation, and is therefore not a medical hypothesis, intuitive deduction, or personal observation.

Question 11

The professional football star Andro "The Man" McGraw claims the dietary supplement AminoProFix helped him build muscle mass quickly and safely.His endorsement of the product is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A testimonial is a personal endorsement or recommendation, often by a celebrity or expert, used in advertising or promotion. Andro "The Man" McGraw's claim about AminoProFix is an example of a testimonial because he is sharing his personal experience with the product to endorse it.

Question 12

Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information?

Accepted Answer

The website dietsnomore4u.com does not appear to be associated with any reputable institutions or organizations and the name suggests a biased perspective. This makes it the most likely source of biased and unreliable nutrition information. The other options are associated with universities, government agencies, or reputable organizations, making them more likely to provide accurate and trustworthy information.

Question 13

Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing the herbal supplement Hoodia for weight loss.  Lotta Talent describes her own weight-loss successes with the supplement.Her endorsement is an example of a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

Lotta Talent's endorsement is a testimonial, which is a type of advertising technique that uses the endorsement of a celebrity or satisfied customer to promote a product or service.

Question 14

A popular fitness magazine has an article about the health benefits of high-fiber diets.If the article's author has the credentials,________,after his or her name,the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.

Accepted Answer

RDN stands for Registered Dietitian Nutritionist, which is a professional credential that requires specific education, training, and certification in the field of nutrition. This credential indicates that the author has expertise in the area of nutrition and is likely to be a reliable source of information on high-fiber diets. MS stands for Master of Science, which can indicate a higher level of education but does not necessarily indicate expertise in nutrition specifically. DN stands for Dietitian Nutritionist, which is a similar credential to RDN but may be less common or rigorous. MD stands for Doctor of Medicine, which indicates expertise in medical care but not necessarily nutrition specifically.

Question 15

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin D supplementation on bone health in adults.The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin D to one group of human adults,and pills that do not contain the vitamin or other active ingredients to another group of adults.The pills that do not contain vitamin D are

Accepted Answer

The pills that do not contain vitamin D are placebos, which are inactive substances used as a control in scientific studies to ensure that any observed effects are due to the treatment being tested and not to other factors.

Question 16

A person claims her newly invented device treats cancer without surgery,medication,or other forms of conventional medical therapy.However,people who have used the device report that it was not helpful,and it may have harmed them.According to this information,the inventor's claims and her device are

Accepted Answer

The inventor's claims of treating cancer without conventional therapy and the reports of harm to users suggest that the device is quackery, meaning it is a fraudulent or deceptive practice.

Question 17

Which of the following sources of information features peer-reviewed articles?

Accepted Answer

Peer-reviewed articles are those that have been reviewed and approved by experts in the same field before being published. The Journal of the American Medical Association is a peer-reviewed journal that features articles on medical research and healthcare. The other options, Ladies Home Journal, National Geographic Magazine, and Men's Health Journal, are not necessarily peer-reviewed and may feature articles written by journalists or experts in a particular field, but not necessarily subject to peer review.

Question 18

An online magazine article about weight-loss diets includes false information about the process of digestion that uses scientific-sounding terms to make it seem factual.The faulty information is an example of

Accepted Answer

The false information presented in the article is using scientific-sounding terms without any scientific backing or evidence. This is a typical characteristic of pseudoscience, which involves presenting unfounded or unproven ideas as scientific facts. Mislabeling and hypothesizing do not accurately describe the situation, while bias suggests a deliberate intention to mislead, which is not apparent in the scenario described.

Question 19

Scientists conduct a study in which 100 adults with chronic diarrhea are divided into 2 groups with 50 people per group.One group is given a supply of yogurt that contains a certain kind of bacteria,and the other group is given yogurt that is bacteria-free.The study's participants and researchers do not know which group of subjects has the bacteria in the yogurt and which group does not.The scientists instruct the participants to eat the entire 8 ounces of yogurt once a day for a month and record their bowel habits.This is an example of a(n)________ study.

Accepted Answer

This study is a double-blind study because both the participants and the researchers do not know which group is receiving the yogurt with bacteria and which group is receiving the bacteria-free yogurt. This is done to prevent any bias or expectations from influencing the results.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Registered dietitian nutritionists have completed rigorous education and training requirements and are considered experts in the field of nutrition. They are held to high standards of practice and ethics, and are reliable sources of nutrition information. However, just because someone describes themselves as a "nutritionist" does not necessarily mean they have the same qualifications or expertise. It is important to look for credentials such as "Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN)" or "Board Certified Specialist in Sports Dietetics (CSSD)" to ensure reliable nutrition information. Statements A, C, and D are all false.

Quiz 2: Evaluating Nutrition Information

Which of the following statements is true?

The ________ is responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications.

A popular women's magazine has an article about the health benefits of consuming calcium-rich foods.If the article's author has the credentials,________,after his or her name,the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.

An online advertisement for a weight-loss product includes before and after photos of a woman who supposedly lost 50 pounds in 3 weeks while taking the product.The bottom of the ad includes the statement,"Results are not typical." This statement is an example of a(n) ________.

The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the

Which of the following statements is false?

During an online interview,Dr.Ima Quack provides the following statement,"Most Americans suffer from nutritional-deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr.Quack's statement is an example of a(n) ________.

The professional football star Andro "The Man" McGraw claims the dietary supplement AminoProFix helped him build muscle mass quickly and safely.His endorsement of the product is an example of ________.

Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information?

Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing the herbal supplement Hoodia for weight loss. Lotta Talent describes her own weight-loss successes with the supplement.Her endorsement is an example of a(n) ________.

A popular fitness magazine has an article about the health benefits of high-fiber diets.If the article's author has the credentials,________,after his or her name,the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.

A person claims her newly invented device treats cancer without surgery,medication,or other forms of conventional medical therapy.However,people who have used the device report that it was not helpful,and it may have harmed them.According to this information,the inventor's claims and her device are

Which of the following sources of information features peer-reviewed articles?

An online magazine article about weight-loss diets includes false information about the process of digestion that uses scientific-sounding terms to make it seem factual.The faulty information is an example of

Which of the following statements is true?