Question 1

Consuming too much selenium results in ________.
A)selenosis
B)Keshan disease
C)Kashin-Beck disease
D)cardiomyopathy

Accepted Answer

Consuming too much selenium can lead to selenosis, which can cause symptoms such as hair loss, brittle nails, skin rashes, and gastrointestinal upset. Keshan disease and Kashin-Beck disease are both conditions that can be caused by a deficiency of selenium, not an excess. Cardiomyopathy can have multiple causes, including certain infections, genetic factors, and chronic alcohol consumption, but is not directly linked to selenium intake.

Question 2

Long-term consumption of high amounts of fluoride can ________.
A)delay the development of diverticulosis
B)lead to skeletal fluorosis
C)reduce the body's need for vitamin C and iron
D)increase the body's metabolism of zinc and sulfur

Accepted Answer

Long-term consumption of high amounts of fluoride can lead to skeletal fluorosis, a condition where fluoride builds up in bones and causes pain, stiffness, and weakened bones. It does not affect diverticulosis, vitamin C or iron needs, or metabolism of zinc and sulfur.

Question 3

Which of the following is not considered a key function of zinc?
A)Bone health
B)Wound healing
C)Growth and development
D)Sense of taste and smell

Accepted Answer

Zinc is crucial for wound healing, growth and development, and maintaining the sense of taste and smell, but it is not primarily known for directly supporting bone health, which is more commonly associated with minerals like calcium and vitamin D.

Question 4

Erika is a college student who has never experienced dental decay.Recently,she slipped and fell down a flight of stairs.Although she had bumps and bruises after the fall,she did not break any bones.Which of the following practices is the most likely reason for Erika's strong bones and decay-resistant teeth?
A)Taking vitamin K supplements daily
B)Drinking fluoridated water
C)Eating a high-protein,low-carbohydrate diet
D)Chewing iron pills before swallowing them

Accepted Answer

Drinking fluoridated water is known to prevent dental decay by strengthening tooth enamel. It is also possible that Erika's strong bones are due to a combination of factors, including regular exercise and a balanced diet. Vitamin K is important for bone health, but the supplements are not necessarily needed if one maintains a balanced diet. Eating a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet may help with weight management, but it is not necessarily linked to strong bones and decay-resistant teeth. Chewing iron pills before swallowing them may help with absorption, but iron is not specifically linked to bone or dental health.

Question 5

________ enhances the effects of insulin on cell membranes.
A)Cobalamin
B)Boron
C)Chromium
D)Selenium

Accepted Answer

Chromium plays a role in potentiating the effects of insulin by increasing the number of insulin receptors and promoting their activity. This, in turn, helps cells to take up glucose more efficiently, leading to better blood sugar control.

Question 6

Which of the following minerals enhances the action of insulin?
A)Aluminum
B)Fluoride
C)Selenium
D)Chromium

Accepted Answer

Chromium has been shown to enhance the action of insulin, which helps regulate blood sugar levels. Aluminum and fluoride are not known to have any effect on insulin, and while selenium has important functions in the body, it does not have a direct effect on insulin action.

Question 7

Which of the following foods is the best source of chromium?
A)Broccoli
B)Butter
C)Enriched white bread
D)Corn oil

Accepted Answer

Broccoli is the best source of chromium among the options given. One cup of cooked broccoli contains approximately 22 mcg of chromium, while the other options contain significantly less or no chromium.

Question 8

Patients with Keshan disease have a form of cardiomyopathy that is caused by selenium deficiency.

Accepted Answer

Keshan disease is a type of cardiomyopathy that is prevalent in areas with selenium-poor soil, and it is believed to be caused by a combination of selenium deficiency and a viral infection. Supplementation with selenium has been shown to decrease the incidence of the disease.

Question 9

Which of the following contains the least fluoride?
A)Brewed black tea
B)Light beer
C)White grape juice
D)Brewed coffee

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following contains the least...

Question 10

Cameron takes megadoses of a single mineral supplement.Lately,he's noticed that his fingernails break easily,his hair is falling out,and he's more tired than usual.His friends have told him that he smells like garlic.Based on this information,Cameron has consumed too much ________.
A)calcium
B)magnesium
C)selenium
D)iron

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are consistent with excess consumption of selenium. Brittle nails and hair loss can be caused by selenium toxicity, and a garlic-like odor can be a sign of selenium toxicity as well. Excess intake of other minerals (calcium, magnesium, and iron) are not typically associated with these specific symptoms.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about selenium is true?  Check all that apply.
A)Selenoproteins require selenium to function and serve as antioxidants.
B)Selenium is a major mineral.
C)Selenium is important for DNA synthesis.
D)Selenium is important for reproduction.

Accepted Answer

A) Selenoproteins are a class of proteins that contain the amino acid selenium, and they require selenium to function as antioxidants and perform other important functions in the body.
B) This statement is false - although selenium is an essential mineral, it is not considered a major mineral.
C) Selenium is important for the synthesis of DNA and other nucleic acids.
D) Selenium is important for reproductive health in both men and women, and deficiency of this mineral has been linked to infertility and other reproductive problems.

Question 12

Angela is a 20-year-old college student.In addition to having a history of dental decay,she seems to break bones easily.Based on this information,Angela may need to increase her intake of ________.
A)iodine
B)fluoride
C)vanadium
D)copper

Accepted Answer

Angela's history of dental decay suggests that she may not be getting enough fluoride, which is crucial for strong teeth. Additionally, her tendency to break bones easily may indicate low bone density, which can also be improved with adequate fluoride intake. Iodine, vanadium, and copper are not typically associated with dental or bone health.

Question 13

Which of the following foods or beverages contains the most fluoride?
A)Light beer
B)Brewed black tea
C)Spinach and broccoli
D)Carbonated soda

Accepted Answer

Brewed black tea contains the most fluoride among the given options. Fluoride is naturally present in tea leaves and can leach out into the brewed tea. The longer the tea is steeped, the more fluoride is released.

Question 14

Chromium deficiency can lead to impaired glucose tolerance.

Accepted Answer

Several studies have shown that chromium deficiency can result in impaired glucose tolerance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes. Chromium is a mineral that is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats in the body. It helps regulate the amount of sugar in the blood and helps insulin function effectively. Therefore, a deficiency in chromium can lead to problems with glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, which can contribute to the development of diabetes.

Question 15

Which of the following minerals is associated with a reduced risk of dental caries?
A)Selenium
B)Fluoride
C)Arsenic
D)Iodine

Accepted Answer

Fluoride is the mineral that is associated with a reduced risk of dental caries. It helps to strengthen tooth enamel and prevent decay. Selenium, arsenic, and iodine do not have a significant impact on dental health.

Question 16

Dental fluorosis is characterized by ________.
A)defective collagen production
B)keratinization and death of epithelial cells
C)abnormal changes in the appearance of tooth enamel
D)immature red blood cells that lack hemoglobin

Accepted Answer

Dental fluorosis is caused by excessive fluoride intake during tooth development, which results in abnormal changes in the appearance of tooth enamel. These changes can range from mild discoloration to severe pitting and mottling of the enamel. It does not involve defective collagen production, keratinization, death of epithelial cells, or immature red blood cells lacking hemoglobin.

Question 17

Jade is concerned about her risk of Kashin-Beck disease.To help reduce her risk of this condition,Jade should ________.
A)consume more selenium-rich foods
B)avoid foods such as Brazil nuts and tuna fish
C)reduce her physical activity level
D)increase her sun exposure

Accepted Answer

Kashin-Beck disease is associated with selenium deficiency, so consuming more selenium-rich foods can help reduce the risk. Avoiding foods such as Brazil nuts and tuna fish (which are high in selenium) would not be beneficial. Reducing physical activity level and increasing sun exposure have no known effect on the risk of Kashin-Beck disease.

Question 18

In certain parts of the United States,soil contains high amounts of selenium that accumulates in plants.Livestock that graze on these plants can develop selenium toxicity.

Accepted Answer

Selenium toxicity is a well-known phenomenon in areas where the soil contains high amounts of selenium. Plants growing in such soils accumulate selenium, and when livestock graze on these plants, they can develop selenium toxicity. Symptoms of selenium toxicity in animals include hair loss, hoof deformities, and other severe health problems. Therefore, it is important to manage livestock grazing to avoid overexposure to selenium in such areas.

Question 19

Christine loves to eat Brazil nuts and canned oysters.These food items are rich sources of ________.
A)folate
B)selenium
C)vitamin C
D)magnesium

Accepted Answer

Brazil nuts and canned oysters are both rich sources of selenium, an essential mineral that is important for brain function, immune system health, and thyroid function. Folate is found in leafy green vegetables and fortified grains, while vitamin C is primarily found in citrus fruits and magnesium is found in nuts, seeds, and whole grains.

Question 20

As of 2014,approximately ________ of the American population had access to drinking water containing optimal levels of fluoride.
A)75%
B)25%
C)50%
D)90%

Accepted Answer

As of 2014, approximately 75% of the American population had access to drinking water containing optimal levels of fluoride, reflecting widespread adoption of water fluoridation practices to improve dental health.

Quiz 12: Trace Minerals

Consuming too much selenium results in ________.

Long-term consumption of high amounts of fluoride can ________.

Which of the following is not considered a key function of zinc?

________ enhances the effects of insulin on cell membranes.

Which of the following minerals enhances the action of insulin?

Which of the following foods is the best source of chromium?

Patients with Keshan disease have a form of cardiomyopathy that is caused by selenium deficiency.

Which of the following contains the least fluoride?

Cameron takes megadoses of a single mineral supplement.Lately,he's noticed that his fingernails break easily,his hair is falling out,and he's more tired than usual.His friends have told him that he smells like garlic.Based on this information,Cameron has consumed too much ________.

Which of the following statements about selenium is true? Check all that apply.

Angela is a 20-year-old college student.In addition to having a history of dental decay,she seems to break bones easily.Based on this information,Angela may need to increase her intake of ________.

Which of the following foods or beverages contains the most fluoride?

Chromium deficiency can lead to impaired glucose tolerance.

Which of the following minerals is associated with a reduced risk of dental caries?

Dental fluorosis is characterized by ________.

Jade is concerned about her risk of Kashin-Beck disease.To help reduce her risk of this condition,Jade should ________.

In certain parts of the United States,soil contains high amounts of selenium that accumulates in plants.Livestock that graze on these plants can develop selenium toxicity.

Christine loves to eat Brazil nuts and canned oysters.These food items are rich sources of ________.

As of 2014,approximately ________ of the American population had access to drinking water containing optimal levels of fluoride.