Question 1

Which of these is not an example of a total institution?
A) ​a university residence hall
B) ​a monastery
C) ​basic training for the military
D) ​a prison

Accepted Answer

While a university residence hall may have strict rules and regulations, it is not a total institution because residents are not completely isolated from the outside world and have some freedom of choice in their activities and interactions.

Question 2

__________ is the process of learning a new and different set of attitudes, values, and behaviors from those in one's background and previous experience. It may be voluntary or involuntary.
A) ​Social reevaluation
B) ​Resocialization
C) ​Value clarification
D) ​Social devaluation

Accepted Answer

Resocialization refers to a process of learning a new and different set of attitudes, values, and behaviors from those in one's background and previous experience. It can occur voluntarily or involuntarily, and often involves significant changes to one's social environment. Social reevaluation involves reflecting on one's attitudes and values, value clarification involves exploring and refining one's personal values, and social devaluation refers to a process of devaluing or discrediting a person or group in the eyes of society.

Question 3

Explain the key components of sociologist Charles Horton Cooley's looking-glass self theory and explain its contribution to our understanding of the socialization process.

Accepted Answer

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Question 4

The significant difference between childhood socialization and adult socialization is____________________________.
A) ​there is much less to learn during adulthood
B) ​childhood socialization is fairly complete; there is little left for adulthood
C) ​family is more involved in adult socialization than in childhood socialization
D) ​adult socialization involves greater freedom of choice than does childhood socialization

Accepted Answer

Adult socialization involves greater freedom of choice than childhood socialization because adults have more independence and agency in making decisions about their lives, whereas children are primarily shaped by their families and other social institutions. While there is still a lot to learn during adulthood, it is often more self-directed and based on personal interests and goals rather than societal expectations. Family may still play a role in adult socialization, but other factors such as work, education, and peers also come into play.

Question 5

Which of these is not an example of a rite of passage?
A) ​an annual dinner honoring all retiring employees
B) ​a quinceañera
C) ​a weekly religious service
D) ​a wedding

Accepted Answer

A weekly religious service is not a rite of passage as it is a regularly occurring event rather than a specific ceremony or event marking a significant transition or milestone in a person's life. The other options (retirement dinner, quinceañera, and wedding) all involve specific rituals and traditions that mark important transitions or milestones in a person's life.

Question 6

A young woman decides that she wants to become a professional basketball player. She joins her school basketball team, reads articles about the best basketball players, and attends basketball camps. This is an example of __________.
A) ​resocialization socialization
B) ​occupational socialization
C) ​anticipatory socialization
D) ​a rite of passage

Accepted Answer

This is an example of anticipatory socialization, as the young woman is preparing for a future role as a professional athlete by learning about and participating in activities associated with that occupation.

Question 7

Outline the key components of sociologist George Herbert Mead's role-taking theory and explain its contribution to our understanding of the socialization process.

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Question 8

Distinguish between sociological and sociobiological perspectives on the development of human behavior.

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Question 9

A(n) __________ is a place where people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and come under the control of the officials who run the institutions.
A) ​bureaucratic institution
B) ​social institution
C) ​total institution
D) ​universal institution

Accepted Answer

A total institution is a place where people are completely segregated from the rest of society, and their entire life is regulated by the officials who run the institution. Examples of total institutions include prisons, psychiatric institutions, military boot camps, and monasteries. The term "total institution" was coined by sociologist Erving Goffman to describe the ways in which these institutions completely control and regulate the lives of those who enter them.

Question 10

Explain why cases of isolated children are important to understanding the socialization process.

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Question 11

Describe the moral development theory of psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg and discuss psychologist Carol Gilligan's view on gender and moral development.

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Question 12

With regard to African American families,______________________________.
A) ​children are taught to think of gender strictly in "male-female" terms and very conventional roles
B) ​both daughters and sons are socialized toward autonomy, independence, self‑confidence, and nurturance of children
C) ​children had "othermothers" who played an important role in their socialization
D) ​gender socialization followed the same pattern as in white, middle‑class families.

Accepted Answer

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A) ​children...

Question 13

The first step in the resocialization process is often a __________, in which individuals are stripped of their former selves by being denied privacy and being assigned institutional clothing.
A) ​desocialization pattern
B) ​resocializing process
C) ​degradation ceremony
D) ​devaluation ritual

Accepted Answer

The degradation ceremony is a process of stripping individuals of their former selves and is often the first step in the resocialization process. It typically involves denying privacy and assigning institutional clothing to create a sense of sameness among individuals. The other options are not accurate descriptions of the initial step in the resocialization process.

Question 14

Explain psychologist Sigmund Freud's views on human develop through the conflict between individual desires and the demands of society.

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Question 15

Which of these statements about racial socialization is false?
A) ​The most important aspects of racial identity are learned within one's family.
B) ​Racial socialization involves direct statements and indirect activities.
C) ​Racial attitudes must be taught intentionally, using direct messages.
D) ​Ethnic values and attitudes begin to solidify within children as early as age 4.

Accepted Answer

Racial attitudes can be unintentionally learned through nonverbal cues and exposure to media and society, not just through direct messages.

Question 16

Define socialization and explain why this process is essential for the individual and society.

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Question 17

Describe sociologist George Herbert Mead's concept of the significant others and generalized other, and explain socialization as an interactive process.

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Question 18

Joe has decided to join a monastery. At this monastery there will be silence for eight hours a day and fasting from food on a regular basis. Joe will experience ______ resocialization.
A) ​voluntary
B) ​involuntary
C) ​forced
D) ​anticipatory

Accepted Answer

Joe has made a voluntary choice to join the monastery and undergo the resocialization process.

Question 19

Outline the stages of cognitive development as set forth by psychologist Jean Piaget.

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Question 20

__________ are the most likely to emphasize that during infancy and early childhood, family support and guidance are crucial to a child's developing self-concept.
A) ​Conflict theorists
B) ​Functionalists
C) ​Symbolic interactionists
D) ​Postmodern theorists

Accepted Answer

Symbolic interactionists focus on how individuals develop and maintain their sense of self through social interaction and communication, particularly within the family during early stages of life. This perspective emphasizes the importance of understanding the subjective experiences of individuals and their meanings attached to their social interactions, which can have long-term impacts on their self-concept.

Quiz 3: Socialization

Which of these is not an example of a total institution?

__________ is the process of learning a new and different set of attitudes, values, and behaviors from those in one's background and previous experience. It may be voluntary or involuntary.

Explain the key components of sociologist Charles Horton Cooley's looking-glass self theory and explain its contribution to our understanding of the socialization process.

The significant difference between childhood socialization and adult socialization is____________________________.

Which of these is not an example of a rite of passage?

A young woman decides that she wants to become a professional basketball player. She joins her school basketball team, reads articles about the best basketball players, and attends basketball camps. This is an example of __________.

Outline the key components of sociologist George Herbert Mead's role-taking theory and explain its contribution to our understanding of the socialization process.

Distinguish between sociological and sociobiological perspectives on the development of human behavior.

A(n) __________ is a place where people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and come under the control of the officials who run the institutions.

Explain why cases of isolated children are important to understanding the socialization process.

Describe the moral development theory of psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg and discuss psychologist Carol Gilligan's view on gender and moral development.

With regard to African American families,______________________________.

The first step in the resocialization process is often a __________, in which individuals are stripped of their former selves by being denied privacy and being assigned institutional clothing.

Explain psychologist Sigmund Freud's views on human develop through the conflict between individual desires and the demands of society.

Which of these statements about racial socialization is false?

Define socialization and explain why this process is essential for the individual and society.

Describe sociologist George Herbert Mead's concept of the significant others and generalized other, and explain socialization as an interactive process.

Joe has decided to join a monastery. At this monastery there will be silence for eight hours a day and fasting from food on a regular basis. Joe will experience ______ resocialization.

Outline the stages of cognitive development as set forth by psychologist Jean Piaget.

__________ are the most likely to emphasize that during infancy and early childhood, family support and guidance are crucial to a child's developing self-concept.