Question 1

________ occurs when tax revenues are not able to keep up with increasing costs of urban infrastructure and city services.
A) A fiscal squeeze
B) Redlining

Accepted Answer

A fiscal squeeze occurs when there is a mismatch between the revenue generated through tax systems and the increasing costs associated with urban infrastructure and city services, causing financial strain on the city government. Redlining is a practice of denying services, such as loans or insurance, to certain neighborhoods based on their racial or ethnic composition.

Question 2

Chateau Regalia,Sydney Coast,Thames Town,Napa Valley and Yosemite are neighbourhoods in the sprawling suburbs of ________ biggest cities.
A) China's
B) Canada's

Accepted Answer

Chateau Regalia, Sydney Coast, and Thames Town are all located in China's suburbs. Napa Valley and Yosemite are not associated with any Canadian cities.

Question 3

Internal,external and outermost edge cities,traditional downtown and newer business centers,and specialized subcenters are
A) nodes within the polycentric metropolis.
B) slums within unintended metropolises.

Accepted Answer

Internal, external, and outermost edge cities, traditional downtown and newer business centers, and specialized subcenters are all nodes within a polycentric metropolis. A polycentric metropolis refers to a city that has multiple centers of activity, with each center having its own distinct identity and function. This is in contrast to a monocentric metropolis, where there is one central downtown area that dominates the city's economic and cultural activity.

Question 4

A city's infrastructure would include its
A) water and road systems.
B) system of government.

Accepted Answer

A city's infrastructure refers to physical structures and facilities required for its functioning, such as water and road systems, transportation networks, and utilities. The system of government pertains to the city's administration and governing bodies, which are part of its social and political systems, rather than its infrastructure.

Question 5

It is estimated that 30-50% of the employed workforce in peripheral cities are actually
A) underemployed.
B) unemployed.

Accepted Answer

Peripheral cities often lack opportunities and resources, leading to a lower demand for labor and limited job options. Many workers in these areas may be employed, but not in jobs that fully utilize their skills or pay a living wage. Therefore, it is more likely that the percentage of underemployed workers is higher than the percentage of unemployed workers.

Question 6

Urban enclaves,ghettos and colonies suggest
A) segregation.
B) congregation.

Accepted Answer

Urban enclaves, ghettos and colonies are all terms used to describe areas in which a particular ethnic or socioeconomic group tends to be concentrated. This is often due to historic patterns of discrimination, poverty, and lack of opportunity. This concentration can lead to a lack of diversity and can limit access to resources, creating a self-perpetuating cycle of isolation and disadvantage. These terms all suggest a form of segregation, whether intentional or not.

Question 7

The low skylines,lively downtowns and neighbourhood stability of major European cities can all be linked to the fact that they
A) are old cities.
B) had to be rebuilt after World War II.

Accepted Answer

The low skylines, lively downtowns, and neighborhood stability of major European cities are primarily due to their age. Many of these cities were developed in the medieval period, and their urban planning was based on walkability and compactness. As a result, they have narrow streets, tall buildings, and an active street life that encourages social interaction and civic engagement. These features are distinct from the more sprawling, car-oriented cities of North America that were developed after the Second World War.

Question 8

Increasingly,city authorities in the periphery are viewing informal housing (e.g.,squatter settlements)with
A) tolerance and as rational responses to poverty.
B) animosity and are eradicating them.

Accepted Answer

City authorities in the periphery are increasingly viewing informal housing (e.g., squatter settlements) with tolerance and as rational responses to poverty. This is because they recognize that many people living in informal settlements have little choice but to live there due to lack of affordable housing options. Eradicating these settlements without providing alternative housing solutions can lead to further displacement of vulnerable populations and worsen the housing crisis. Therefore, many authorities are now adopting more inclusive and participatory approaches to housing policy, which take into account the needs and perspectives of informal settlement residents.

Question 9

Covered markets,a fortress,narrow & twisting streets,a city wall and a central mosque are features of a classic
A) Islamic city.
B) peripheral city.

Accepted Answer

The features mentioned in the question are typically associated with Islamic cities, especially those built during the medieval period. Covered markets or bazaars, a fortress, narrow and twisting streets, and a central mosque are all common elements of Islamic city planning and architecture. These cities were designed to provide protection and a sense of community to their inhabitants, as well as to serve as centers of trade and worship. In contrast, a peripheral city is a modern term used to describe a city that is located on the outskirts of a larger metropolitan area and is usually characterized by low population density and a lack of significant urban amenities.

Question 10

As presented by Jean Gottman,the megalopolis stretches from
A) Boston to Washington, DC.
B) Connecticut to New Jersey.

Accepted Answer

According to Jean Gottman's definition, a megalopolis is a region where several metropolitan areas have grown so much that they have merged into one continuous urban complex. Gottman's original concept of a megalopolis was the Northeast megalopolis, which stretches from Boston through New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, DC. Therefore, the best choice is A) Boston to Washington, DC.

Question 11

As fiscal problems have intensified,public spending on ________ infrastructure has declined.
A) urban
B) rural

Accepted Answer

Urban infrastructure refers to the physical and organizational structures and facilities that are essential for the operation of a city, such as transportation, water supply, and sewage systems. As cities are the centers of economic activity and growth, investment in their infrastructure is crucial for their development. However, in times of fiscal problems, governments tend to cut back on public spending, including investment in urban infrastructure. On the other hand, rural infrastructure, which refers to facilities and services in less populated areas such as roads, schools, and healthcare, may still receive public investment to support the well-being of rural communities.

Question 12

Gentrification can be part of the process of
A) invasion and succession.
B) urban sprawl.

Accepted Answer

Gentrification is a process of urban revitalization where wealthy individuals move into lower-income neighborhoods, leading to rising property values and displacement of existing residents. This process is often a result of invasion and succession, where the original residents are pushed out by the new influx of wealthier residents. Urban sprawl, on the other hand, refers to the spread of development over previously undeveloped or rural land, rather than the transformation of existing urban areas.

Question 13

Discrimination combined with ________ results in segregation.
A) congregation
B) gentrification

Accepted Answer

Discrimination combined with congregation results in segregation. Congregation is the act of gathering together, while segregation is the separation of people into different groups. Discrimination is the unfair treatment of a person or group based on their race, gender, religion, or other characteristics. When discrimination is combined with congregation, it can lead to segregation, as people who are discriminated against may be forced to live in separate areas from those who are not discriminated against.

Question 14

The benefits of urban sprawl accrue to
A) the individual.
B) society.

Accepted Answer

The benefits of urban sprawl typically accrue to the individual, rather than society as a whole. This is because sprawl often results in increased automobile use and longer commute times, which can lead to higher expenses for individuals in terms of fuel costs, vehicle maintenance, and lost time. Additionally, sprawl can place a greater burden on local governments and infrastructure, which can lead to higher taxes and reduced quality of life for residents. However, some individuals may perceive the benefits of sprawl to outweigh these drawbacks, such as increased privacy, larger living spaces, and proximity to natural areas. Overall, the benefits of urban sprawl tend to be felt on an individual level, rather than benefiting society as a whole.

Question 15

The most dominant feature of the Islamic city is its
A) principal mosque (Jami).
B) citadel (Kasbah).

Accepted Answer

The most dominant feature of the Islamic city is its principal mosque, also known as Jami. The Jami mosque was the heart of Islamic urbanism and served as the center of the community, education, and governance. It represents the religious and cultural values of the Islamic society and is a symbol of Islamic architecture. The mosque was typically located in the center of the city and served as a landmark for navigation and orientation. The citadel, on the other hand, was a form of military architecture and was not necessarily a dominant feature in every Islamic city.

Question 16

Many European cities have street plans that date as far back as
A) Roman times.
B) the ancient Greeks.

Accepted Answer

Many European cities have street plans that date back to Roman times, as the Romans established many settlements throughout Europe during their empire.

Question 17

A political ideology dominated by low taxation and small government has been an obstacle to improving infrastructure in North American
A) central cities.
B) suburbs.

Accepted Answer

Low taxation and small government are often associated with conservative or right-wing ideologies, which have historically been less supportive of government-funded infrastructure projects in urban areas. As a result, central cities have often struggled to secure the funding necessary to maintain and improve their infrastructure, while suburbs have tended to fare better due to their relative economic and political power.

Question 18

The cost of accessibility is reflected in urban land use patterns.Thus,most ________ are found far from the CBD.
A) homes and residences
B) big retailers and factories

Accepted Answer

The cost of accessibility, meaning how easy it is to reach a certain location, is a major factor in determining land use patterns in urban areas. As a result, homes and residences are typically found further away from the central business district (CBD) where transportation and accessibility may be more difficult and expensive. On the other hand, big retailers and factories may require easier access to transport and distribution networks, so they tend to be located closer to the CBD.

Question 19

Exploring the internal organization of cities,understanding urban spatial patterns and how and why they emerge,is what it means to examine
A) urban structure.
B) urban systems.

Accepted Answer

Examining the internal organization of cities and understanding spatial patterns refers to urban structure. Urban systems refer to the functional interconnections between cities and their surrounding regions.

Question 20

Which of the following - according to International Labour Office estimates - is growing 10 times faster than the other?
A) informal-sector employment
B) formal-sector employment

Accepted Answer

According to International Labour Office estimates, the informal-sector employment is growing 10 times faster than formal-sector employment.

Quiz 11: City Spaces: Urban Structure

________ occurs when tax revenues are not able to keep up with increasing costs of urban infrastructure and city services.

Chateau Regalia,Sydney Coast,Thames Town,Napa Valley and Yosemite are neighbourhoods in the sprawling suburbs of ________ biggest cities.

Internal,external and outermost edge cities,traditional downtown and newer business centers,and specialized subcenters are

A city's infrastructure would include its

It is estimated that 30-50% of the employed workforce in peripheral cities are actually

Urban enclaves,ghettos and colonies suggest

The low skylines,lively downtowns and neighbourhood stability of major European cities can all be linked to the fact that they

Increasingly,city authorities in the periphery are viewing informal housing (e.g.,squatter settlements) with

Covered markets,a fortress,narrow & twisting streets,a city wall and a central mosque are features of a classic

As presented by Jean Gottman,the megalopolis stretches from

As fiscal problems have intensified,public spending on ________ infrastructure has declined.

Gentrification can be part of the process of

Discrimination combined with ________ results in segregation.

The benefits of urban sprawl accrue to

The most dominant feature of the Islamic city is its

Many European cities have street plans that date as far back as

A political ideology dominated by low taxation and small government has been an obstacle to improving infrastructure in North American

The cost of accessibility is reflected in urban land use patterns.Thus,most ________ are found far from the CBD.

Exploring the internal organization of cities,understanding urban spatial patterns and how and why they emerge,is what it means to examine

Which of the following - according to International Labour Office estimates - is growing 10 times faster than the other?