Question 1

Which of the following statements provides reasons for the disruption of respiratory control?

Accepted Answer

Medical reasons, infections, trauma, toxins, and drugs, along with neurologic disorders, can interrupt respiratory control. This option provides a comprehensive list of potential reasons for respiratory control disruption. Options A, B, and D provide more specific reasons rather than a general list.

Question 2

What is the best description of the chest's mechanical functions?

Accepted Answer

This choice provides a comprehensive description of the chest's mechanical functions, including the role of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles in causing negative pressure that fills the lungs with air during inspiration. It also notes that the chest is a closed space with only one opening, the trachea, for air to enter and exit.

Question 3

A patient breathing in room air should be receiving ________ percent oxygen.

Accepted Answer

Room air contains 21% oxygen.

Question 4

The metabolism that creates large amounts of carbon dioxide and lactic acid but generates little energy is called:

Accepted Answer

The metabolism that creates large amounts of carbon dioxide and lactic acid but generates little energy is called anaerobic. In anaerobic metabolism, the energy is produced without the involvement of oxygen. This process results in the creation of lactic acid and carbon dioxide.

Question 5

The process by which glucose and other nutrients are converted into energy is called:

Accepted Answer

Metabolism is the overall term used to describe the chemical processes that occur within cells in order to maintain life. This includes the breakdown of nutrients such as glucose through catabolism, and the production of energy through respiration. Depolarization, on the other hand, refers specifically to the change in electrical potential that occurs in nerve and muscle cells.

Question 6

If a hole is created in the chest wall,air could escape or be drawn in,or if bleeding develops within the chest,air and blood can accumulate in the pleural space.This would force the lung to:

Accepted Answer

If air and/or blood accumulate in the pleural space, it creates pressure on the lung, causing it to collapse. The other choices do not accurately reflect the situation.

Question 7

What is the type of metabolism that occurs when energy is created with a balance of adequate oxygen and nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic metabolism occurs when there is a balance of adequate oxygen and nutrients available, which results in the efficient creation of energy through the breakdown of glucose. Anaerobic metabolism occurs in the absence of oxygen, and hypoxic metabolism occurs when there is insufficient oxygen available, both of which result in less efficient energy production. Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment and is not directly related to metabolism.

Question 8

The respiratory system moves air in and out; however,to ________ cells,the air that is inhaled must meet up with the circulatory system.

Accepted Answer

The word "perfuse" in this context means to supply (an organ or tissue) with blood or other fluid, typically through vessels. Therefore, D is the best choice as it accurately describes how the inhaled air must meet up with the circulatory system to deliver oxygen to cells. Option A, "diffuse", is not the best choice as it describes the movement of molecules from high to low concentration and does not accurately capture the concept of air meeting up with the circulatory system. Option B, "hyperoxygenate", is not the best choice as it denotes adding more oxygen to the air than normal, which is not necessary for the air to meet up with the circulatory system. Lastly, option C, "register", is not the best choice as it refers to the process of recording or measuring something, which is not relevant to how air meets up with the circulatory system.

Question 9

A condition that is caused by a decreased number of red blood cells is called:

Accepted Answer

Anemia is a condition that is caused by a decreased number of red blood cells.

Question 10

________ blood returns to the right side of the heart.

Accepted Answer

Deoxygenated blood returns to the right side of the heart. This blood has already circulated through the body and delivered oxygen to the tissues, and is now returning to the heart to be pumped to the lungs for re-oxygenation.

Question 11

A disruption of the balance between oncotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure is critical to regulating:

Accepted Answer

The balance between oncotic pressure (osmotic pressure caused by proteins) and hydrostatic pressure (pressure exerted by fluid) in blood vessels is critical to regulating blood pressure and cell hydration. If this balance is disrupted, it can lead to conditions such as edema (swelling due to excess fluid in tissues) or dehydration. Proper regulation of this balance is essential for maintaining overall health and wellbeing.

Question 12

The net result of respiratory challenges is low oxygen,also called ________,within the body.

Accepted Answer

Low oxygen levels within the body are known as hypoxia.

Question 13

Our blood transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells and returns with what byproduct of metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide is the byproduct of metabolism that is transported in the blood back to the lungs where it can be exhaled. Lactic acid is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism, carbolic acid is not a byproduct of metabolism, and carbon monoxide is a toxic gas that is not a byproduct of human metabolism.

Question 14

When carbon dioxide is not exchanged,the net result is high carbon dioxide,a condition called ________,within the body.

Accepted Answer

Hypercapnia is a condition where there is an excessive amount of carbon dioxide in the blood due to inadequate breathing or respiratory function. This can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, headaches, dizziness, and confusion.

Question 15

What is a patent airway?

Accepted Answer

A patent airway refers to an airway that is open and unobstructed, allowing for adequate breathing. In emergency medical services, having a patent airway is crucial for maintaining the patient's life. Therefore, option B is the correct answer as it specifically mentions EMS practitioners indicating that the patient has a secured and opened airway necessary for life. Options A and D refer to interventions to secure a patent airway, and option C is too vague and does not accurately describe a patent airway.

Question 16

What is the correct order of air flow from the nose to the alveoli in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Air flows from the nose through the nasopharynx, pharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and finally to the alveoli in the lungs. Option C is the only choice that lists the correct order of structures through which air passes.

Question 17

What is FiO₂?

Accepted Answer

FiO₂ stands for the fraction of inspired oxygen, which is the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe in. It is usually represented as a percentage or decimal value. For example, room air has a FiO₂ of approximately 21%, while supplemental oxygen can increase the FiO₂ to 100%. The FiO₂ is important in assessing and managing a patient's oxygenation status, particularly in critical care settings.

Question 18

The seat of respiratory control is found in the:

Accepted Answer

The medulla oblongata, located in the brainstem, is the seat of respiratory control. It contains neurons that regulate breathing rate and depth based on blood pH, oxygen levels, and carbon dioxide levels. The nose, lungs, and chest are involved in the mechanics of breathing but do not control respiratory function.

Question 19

The disruption of lung tissue by mechanical forces or medical problems can upset diffusion,which is defined as:

Accepted Answer

Diffusion is the process of gas exchange between the alveoli and the capillaries. It allows for oxygen to move from the alveoli into the bloodstream, and for carbon dioxide to move from the bloodstream into the alveoli to be exhaled. Disruption of lung tissue can affect this process and make it less efficient.

Question 20

The potential space between the lung and chest wall is called the:

Accepted Answer

The pleural space is the potential space between the lung and the chest wall. It is filled with a small amount of fluid that allows the lung to move smoothly during respiration. A, B, and C are not correct answers.

Quiz 7: Ventilation, perfusion, and Shock: Understanding Pathophysiology