Question 1

Why have anthropologists used the "dictator game" and the "ultimatum game" in their study of other cultures?

Accepted Answer

The dictator game and ultimatum game are both used by anthropologists to study economic behavior in different cultures. These games allow researchers to test how individuals in different cultural contexts make decisions and negotiate in economic situations.

Question 2

All of the following are benefits generated from the Kula Ring trade except:

Accepted Answer

The Kula Ring trade does not create high levels of economic disparity between traders from one island to another, as the practice emphasizes the importance of reciprocity and gift-giving, ensuring that all traders benefit from the trade network.

Question 3

The most common form of exchange found in horticultural societies where political organization includes self-made leaders is:

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

Which of the following statements about specialization in the complex societies is not generally correct?

Accepted Answer

Specialization in complex societies often leads to a division of labor where each worker specializes in a specific task to increase efficiency. However, this may not necessarily require a great deal of decision-making on the worker's part. The pace of work and tasks performed may also be determined by the machinery, as stated in option C. Option B is also generally true as specialization can lead to boredom and alienation in workers. Option A and E are generally correct as specialization can lead to more efficient production and the production of a large number of goods.

Question 5

In 2008,approximately _____ million adults in the United States were classified as "working poor."

Accepted Answer

In 2008, approximately 8.9 million adults in the United States were classified as "working poor," according to data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. This classification refers to individuals who spent at least 27 weeks in the labor force (either working or looking for work) but whose incomes still fell below the official poverty level.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is not correct?

Accepted Answer

Not all societies organize men and women in similar tasks. Gender roles and expectations vary greatly across cultures and societies.

Question 7

In his study of giving and receiving,which anthropologist argued that human societies are held together by patterns of gift exchange?

Accepted Answer

Marcel Mauss argued in his book "The Gift" that human societies are held together by patterns of gift exchange. He focused on the social, cultural, and economic aspects of gift-giving in different societies, and how it creates social bonds and obligations between individuals and groups.

Question 8

All human societies have an economic system in which people must:

Accepted Answer

All human societies have an economic system in which people must produce goods and services, distribute them among themselves, and consume them. Therefore, the best choice is D, which includes all three essential components of an economic system: production, distribution, and consumption. Option A and C do not include consumption, while option B and E do not include production.

Question 9

Among which subsistence system do we find the most flexible land boundaries?

Accepted Answer

Foragers typically have the most flexible land boundaries as they typically do not claim ownership of the land they rely on for sustenance. They move around and adapt to changes in the environment and availability of resources, which means their "territory" is not fixed. Pastoralists, horticulturalists, and agriculturalists tend to have more settled lifestyles and may claim ownership or use rights to specific pieces of land, which can result in less flexibility in their land boundaries. Industrialists, meanwhile, tend to operate within a capitalist system with private property rights and strict boundaries, limiting flexibility in land use.

Question 10

In pre-industrial societies,the most basic resource is:

Accepted Answer

In pre-industrial societies, land was the most basic resource because it was necessary for agriculture and hunting, which were the primary means of survival. Without access to land, it would be difficult to produce enough food to sustain a population. While knowledge, social networks, labor, and authority were all important, they were not as fundamentally necessary as access to land.

Question 11

The most common form of reciprocity found among foragers is:

Accepted Answer

Generalized reciprocity is the most common form of reciprocity found among foragers. It is characterized as giving without the expectation of an immediate return, and with trust that the favor will eventually be repaid in some way. This form of reciprocity is often seen as a way to build and maintain social relationships within a community.

Question 12

In households,commonly the most important goals are:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In households,commonly the most important goals are:
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Question 13

In the ultimatum game,anthropologists found that among foragers:

Accepted Answer

Anthropologists found that although forager societies tended to have greater social equality, in the ultimatum game they were not generous economically. This suggests that economic decision-making is not always based on generosity and can be influenced by other factors such as social norms or resource scarcity.

Question 14

The Kula ring is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The Kula ring is an example of balanced reciprocity, where there is a sense of obligation to give and receive gifts of relatively equal value within a particular social group. It is not an example of generalized reciprocity, where gifts are given without the expectation of receiving anything in return, or negative reciprocity, where there is an attempt to get something for nothing.

Question 15

Prestige:

Accepted Answer

Prestige is typically associated with increased consumption and display in Western societies as a means of demonstrating one's social standing and success. This is not necessarily true in all societies, as different cultural norms and values may shape the ways in which individuals seek and display prestige.

Question 16

In general,as population and social complexity increase:

Accepted Answer

As population and social complexity increase, it is more likely that differential access to resources will develop. This is because resources become more scarce and valuable, and individuals and groups will start to compete for them. This competition may lead to unequal distribution of resources, with some individuals or groups having more access than others. This can result in social stratification and inequality.

Question 17

Most commonly,land is communally owned and managed by an extended kin group among:

Accepted Answer

Among horticulturalists, communal ownership and management of land by extended kin groups is most common. Horticulturalists rely on small-scale farming and gardening for subsistence, and often practice slash-and-burn agriculture. This requires communal land usage as the soil depletion caused by slash-and-burn farming necessitates frequent rotation of land usage.

Question 18

Which of the following forms of exchange is found primarily outside of social relations and in situations of impersonal and unfriendly transactions?

Accepted Answer

Negative reciprocity involves exchanges where each party aims to get the better deal, often occurring between strangers or in contexts lacking social bonds, making it impersonal and unfriendly.

Question 19

In economic systems,land,water,labor,and tools are classified as:

Accepted Answer

Land, water, labor, and tools are all examples of productive resources, which are used in the production of goods and services. These resources can be combined in various ways to create outputs that can be sold in the market.

Question 20

How we make economic decisions depends on the values we give to both goods and ideas,which in turn depend on:

Accepted Answer

Values are largely influenced by cultural norms and beliefs. Family, geography, education level, and physical ability can also impact values to some degree, but culture is the most significant factor in shaping our values and decision-making.

Quiz 6: Economics