Question 1

Type I diabetes:
A)used to be called adult-onset diabetes.
B)results from cells ceasing to respond to insulin.
C)is commonly seen in the obese.
D)is caused by an autoimmune attack of the islet cells.

Accepted Answer

Type I diabetes is caused by an autoimmune attack of the islet cells, which are responsible for producing insulin. It is not caused by cells ceasing to respond to insulin (choice B), nor is it commonly seen in the obese (choice C). Additionally, Type I diabetes is NOT referred to as "adult-onset" but rather "juvenile-onset" diabetes.

Question 2

Which hormone is produced in the region labeled B? 
A)Epinephrine
B)Insulin
C)Glucagon
D)T3

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

Which hormone is produced in the region labeled A? 
A)ADH
B)ACTH
C)Cortisol
D)Adrenaline

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

Which hormone stimulates milk production in females?
A)hGH
B)TSH
C)Prolactin
D)ACTH

Accepted Answer

Prolactin is the hormone responsible for stimulating milk production in females.

Question 5

The condition that results from hypersecretion of human growth hormone after the epiphyseal plates have closed is called:
A)Diabetes.
B)Acromegaly.
C)Dwarfism.
D)Addison's disease.

Accepted Answer

Hypersecretion (excess release) of growth hormone after closure of the epiphyseal plates results in acromegaly, which causes bone thickening and enlargement of the extremities, face, and jaw, as well as other symptoms. Diabetes and Addison's disease are both caused by issues with hormone production, but they are not associated with growth hormone. Dwarfism results from insufficient growth hormone production during childhood, not excess production.

Question 6

Which statement below would accurately describe step 1? 
A)The hormone diffuses into the cell.
B)The receptor/hormone complex alters gene expression.
C)Messenger RNA directs formation of new protein.
D)New protein alters cell activity.

Accepted Answer

Step 1 describes the initial interaction between the hormone and its receptor, which involves the hormone diffusing into the cell and binding to its specific receptor.

Question 7

The type of hormone depicted here is a/an: 
A)exocrine hormone.
B)protein hormone.
C)steroid hormone.
D)water-soluble hormone.

Accepted Answer

The hormone depicted here is a steroid hormone. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and are lipid-soluble.

Question 8

Which organ system is most similar to the endocrine system in terms of coordinating the functions of the organism?
A)Cardiovascular
B)Nervous
C)Integumentary
D)Respiratory

Accepted Answer

The nervous system is most similar to the endocrine system in terms of coordinating the functions of the organism. Both systems work together to maintain homeostasis and regulate bodily functions. The nervous system uses electrical and chemical signals to send messages quickly, while the endocrine system uses hormones to send messages more slowly but with longer-lasting effects. Both systems also regulate each other, as the nervous system can stimulate the release of hormones and the endocrine system can modulate neuronal activity.

Question 9

Which hormone would be produced by structure B? 
A)Glucagon
B)ADH
C)hGH
D)T4

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which hormone would be produced by structure...

Question 10

Hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex leads to:
A)Type II Diabetes.
B)Cushing's disease.
C)Acromegaly.
D)Addison's disease.

Accepted Answer

Hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex leads to excessive production of glucocorticoids, which is characteristic of Cushing's disease. Type II diabetes is caused by insulin resistance or insufficient insulin secretion by the pancreas. Acromegaly is caused by excessive production of growth hormone by the pituitary gland. Addison's disease is caused by underactivity of the adrenal cortex.

Question 11

Which molecule often serves as a second messenger in the action of water-soluble hormones?
A)ATP
B)DNA
C)cAMP
D)mRNA

Accepted Answer

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) often serves as a second messenger in the action of water-soluble hormones. When a hormone binds to its membrane-bound receptor on the target cell, it activates an enzyme called adenylate cyclase, which converts ATP into cAMP. cAMP then activates protein kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylates target proteins in the cell to initiate a cellular response.

Question 12

Glucagon:
A)stimulates the release of hGH from the pituitary gland.
B)decreases the basal metabolic rate.
C)regulates the movement of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine.
D)accelerates the conversion of glycogen to glucose.

Accepted Answer

Glucagon is a hormone that is released by the pancreas when blood glucose levels are low. Its main function is to stimulate the liver to break down glycogen into glucose, which can then be released into the bloodstream to increase blood glucose levels. Therefore, option D, which states that glucagon accelerates the conversion of glycogen to glucose, is the correct answer. The other options are incorrect: A is not correct because glucagon does not stimulate the release of hGH; B is not correct because glucagon actually increases the basal metabolic rate; and C is not correct because glucagon does not play a role in regulating the movement of chyme through the digestive system.

Question 13

Insulin is secreted by:
A)alpha cells.
B)beta cells.
C)delta cells.
D)target cells.

Accepted Answer

Insulin is secreted by beta cells in the pancreas. Alpha cells secrete glucagon, delta cells secrete somatostatin, and target cells receive insulin signals but do not secrete insulin themselves.

Question 14

Hyposecretion of human growth hormone during development leads to:
A)Cushing's disease.
B)Dwarfism.
C)Gigantism.
D)increased basal metabolic rate.

Accepted Answer

Hyposecretion of human growth hormone during development leads to dwarfism, as the body is unable to achieve normal growth and development. Cushing's disease is caused by hypersecretion of cortisol, not growth hormone. Gigantism is caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone. Increased basal metabolic rate is not directly related to growth hormone secretion.

Question 15

Which statement regarding this organ is true? 
A)It is both endocrine and exocrine.
B)It is involved in maturation of certain immune cells.
C)It is responsible for the fight-or-flight response.
D)This organ's endocrine function becomes limited after puberty.

Accepted Answer

The statement that this organ is both endocrine and exocrine is true. Examples of exocrine functions include producing and secreting digestive enzymes to break down food, while endocrine functions include secreting hormones such as insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels. The organ referred to in the image cannot be identified without additional context.

Question 16

What is the name of this gland? 
A)Thyroid gland
B)Thymus gland
C)Adrenal gland
D)Pancreas

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the name of this gland?...

Question 17

What causes the condition of goiter?
A)Hyposecretion of cortisol
B)Hypersecretion of insulin
C)Hypersecretion of TSH
D)Hyposecretion of ACTH

Accepted Answer

Goiter is primarily caused by hypersecretion of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), which stimulates the growth of the thyroid gland. This can lead to the development of a visible swelling or enlargement of the thyroid gland, known as a goiter. Hyposecretion of cortisol, hyposecretion of ACTH, and hypersecretion of insulin do not directly cause goiter.

Question 18

How do hormones produced by the endocrine system get to the target cell?
A)Osmosis
B)Facilitated diffusion
C)Impulses
D)Circulatory system

Accepted Answer

Hormones produced by the endocrine system are transported to the target cells through the circulatory system. These hormones are released into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body until they reach their target cells. Once they reach their target cells, they bind to specific receptors on the cell membrane or inside the cell, which triggers a series of cellular responses.

Question 19

Hormone A is released under which conditions? 
A)At homeostatic blood glucose levels
B)High blood glucose levels
C)When glucose levels rises above homeostatic values
D)Low blood glucose levels

Accepted Answer

Hormone A is released when blood glucose levels are low, in order to signal the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream to bring levels back to normal.

Question 20

Which hormone would be produced by structure A? 
A)Oxytocin
B)Insulin
C)ACTH
D)Calcitriol

Accepted Answer

Structure A looks like a hypothalamus/pituitary gland, which is responsible for producing and releasing various hormones, including oxytocin. Oxytocin is commonly known as the "love hormone" and is involved in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation. The other hormones listed (insulin, ACTH, and calcitriol) are not primarily produced by the hypothalamus/pituitary gland.

Quiz 17: The Endocrine System and Development

Type I diabetes:

Which hormone is produced in the region labeled B?

Which hormone is produced in the region labeled A?

Which hormone stimulates milk production in females?

The condition that results from hypersecretion of human growth hormone after the epiphyseal plates have closed is called:

Which statement below would accurately describe step 1?

The type of hormone depicted here is a/an:

Which organ system is most similar to the endocrine system in terms of coordinating the functions of the organism?

Which hormone would be produced by structure B?

Hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex leads to:

Which molecule often serves as a second messenger in the action of water-soluble hormones?

Glucagon:

Insulin is secreted by:

Hyposecretion of human growth hormone during development leads to:

Which statement regarding this organ is true?

What is the name of this gland?

What causes the condition of goiter?

How do hormones produced by the endocrine system get to the target cell?

Hormone A is released under which conditions?

Which hormone would be produced by structure A?