________ is the extent to which differences in observed scale scores reflect true differences among objects on the characteristic being measured,rather than systematic or random errors.
A) Reliability
B) Validity
C) Effectiveness
D) Consistency
E) Substantive difference

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Validity is the extent to which a measuring instrument measures what it claims to measure, and it refers to the accuracy of the score interpretation. Reliability, on the other hand, refers to the consistency of the measurement results. Therefore, the extent to which differences in observed scale scores reflect true differences among objects being measured is a question of validity, not reliability or other options. Effectiveness and consistency are not directly related to the validity of measurement. Substantive difference refers to the practical significance of a statistical difference, which is also not directly related to validity.

________ Is the Extent to Which Differences in Observed Scale