Question 1

Marx described the widespread beliefs that supported the capitalist economic system as
A) false consciousness.
B) class consciousness.
C) cultural awareness.
D) revolutionary politics

Accepted Answer

Marx used the concept of false consciousness to describe the way in which the working class were not aware of their exploitation and were instead led to believe in the values and ideologies of the ruling class which supported the capitalist economic system.

Question 2

Compared to an industrial society, a post-industrial society is based on
A) an information-based economy.
B) a factory-based economy.
C) an immigrant labour force.
D) a less productive economy.

Accepted Answer

A post-industrial society is based on an information-based economy, which implies that knowledge is a crucial resource for economic growth and that services replace manufacturing as the primary sector of the economy. In contrast, industrial societies tend to be based on factory-based economies, where production and manufacturing are the primary drivers of economic growth. Therefore, the best choice is A. The other options, B, C, and D, do not accurately describe the characteristics of a post-industrial society.

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE?
A) "Canadian society" is problematic.
B) Quebec wants to be recognized as a "special society."
C) All ethnic groups have the characteristics of a "society."
D) A "society" need not be aware of itself to be an independent entity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is TRUE?
A) "Canadian...

Question 4

Marx noted four ways in which capitalism alienates workers. Which of the following is NOT one of these four ways?
A) alienation from the act of working
B) alienation from human potential
C) alienation from the family
D) alienation from the product of work

Accepted Answer

Marx identified four ways in which capitalism alienates workers, including alienation from the act of working, from human potential, from the product of work, and from fellow humans. Alienation from the family is not one of the four ways Marx identified.

Question 5

Films about advancing technology, including Frankenstein, make the point that advancing technology
A) not only solves some problems but creates new ones.
B) is the solution to all human problems.
C) will never do anything good for humanity.
D) reveals problems we didn't know we already had.

Accepted Answer

Films about advancing technology often depict both the benefits and the unintended consequences that come with progress. Frankenstein, for example, shows how the creation of new life leads to unforeseen complications and ethical dilemmas. This suggests that advancing technology not only solves some problems but creates new ones.

Question 6

Many people have marvelled at the Great Wall in China and the Great Pyramids in Egypt. These monuments stand as evidence of the productive power of which type of society?
A) hunting and gathering
B) horticultural and pastoral
C) agrarian
D) industrial

Accepted Answer

The Great Wall of China and the Great Pyramids in Egypt were built during the agrarian era, when societies were primarily agricultural and relied on farming for their sustenance. This era saw the development of organized societies and led to the growth of monumental architecture, as seen in these famous structures.

Question 7

Karl Marx argued that the dominant social institution is
A) the family.
B) religion.
C) politics.
D) the economy.

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx argued that the dominant social institution is the economy, specifically the mode of production and the class relations that it creates. He believed that economic relationships, such as those between capitalists and workers, determine the nature of society and all other social institutions.

Question 8

Which of the following types of society has the most productive specialization?
A) hunting and gathering
B) horticultural and pastoral
C) agrarian
D) industrial

Accepted Answer

Industrial societies have the most productive specialization because they have advanced technology, a highly developed division of labor, and efficient means of transportation and communication. This allows for mass production and distribution of goods and services, leading to higher levels of productivity and economic growth compared to other types of societies.

Question 9

Gerhard Lenski claims that the development of more complex technology
A) is entirely positive.
B) has both positive and negative effects.
C) is entirely negative in its effect.
D) has no effect on the quality of human life.

Accepted Answer

According to Lenski's theory of sociocultural evolution, the development of more complex technology has both positive and negative effects on society. While it can lead to increased productivity and an easier way of life, it can also create social inequalities and environmental problems. Therefore, the most accurate choice is B.

Question 10

Karl Marx believed that the industrial-capitalist system was
A) going to last forever.
B) the best economic system possible.
C) giving rise to two great classes: capitalists and proletarians.
D) not important to understanding society and conflict.

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx believed that the industrial-capitalist system was giving rise to two great classes: capitalists and proletarians. He saw this system as inherently unequal and oppressive, with the capitalists exploiting the working class. Marx believed that this would ultimately lead to a revolution of the working class and the establishment of a socialist system. Thus, Option C is the correct answer. Options A and B are incorrect as Marx did not believe that the capitalist system was eternal or the best economic system. Option D is also incorrect as Marx saw the industrial-capitalist system as important to understanding society and conflict.

Question 11

Marx described alienation as involving which of the following?
A) alienation from the government
B) alienation from the products of work
C) alienation from social clubs
D) alienation from the upper classes

Accepted Answer

Marx described alienation as the feeling of being separated from the products of one's own labor. He believed that in capitalist societies, workers become detached from the goods they produce and are treated as mere cogs in a machine, which leads to a sense of estrangement and disconnection. Alienation from government or social clubs, as well as from upper classes, are not central to Marx's concept of alienation.

Question 12

In the socialist society Marx hoped to see, which of the following would be true?
A) Capitalists would pay fair wages to workers.
B) Class conflict would no longer exist.
C) All people would do the same work.
D) Factory technology would be abolished.

Accepted Answer

Marx envisioned a society where class conflict would no longer exist because private ownership of the means of production would be abolished and the means of production would be owned collectively by the workers. This would eliminate the division between the capitalist class and the working class, leading to a more equal society. However, there is no indication that capitalists would pay fair wages or that everyone would do the same work, and factory technology would not necessarily be abolished, but instead would be collectively owned and operated by workers.

Question 13

In terms of social inequality, agrarian societies generally
A) have much more inequality than less productive societal types.
B) have about the same amount of social inequality as less productive societal types.
C) have less social inequality than less productive societal types.
D) come very close to being egalitarian societies.

Accepted Answer

Agrarian societies typically have more social inequality compared to less productive societal types due to the accumulation of land and resources by a relatively small elite, leading to significant disparities in wealth and power.

Question 14

The birth of the discipline of sociology took place during the development of which type of society?
A) pastoral
B) horticultural
C) industrial
D) agrarian

Accepted Answer

The birth of the discipline of sociology took place during the development of an industrial society. This was a time of great social change and upheaval, as people moved from rural areas to cities and traditional social structures were disrupted. This created a need for understanding and addressing the new social problems that emerged in this context, leading to the development of sociology as a distinct academic discipline.

Question 15

The driving force of social change, according to Marx, is
A) advancing technology.
B) social conflict between classes.
C) dominant ideas.
D) the way in which society is held together.

Accepted Answer

Marx believed that social change was driven by the struggle between the ruling class and the working class. He argued that this conflict would ultimately lead to the overthrow of the ruling class and the establishment of a classless society. Therefore, social conflict between classes is the driving force of social change according to Marx.

Question 16

As the suffering of workers became worse, Marx predicted that they would
A) eventually starve to death.
B) rise up against the capitalist system.
C) go into business for themselves.
D) demand that women as well as men join the labour force.

Accepted Answer

Marx believed that the exploitation of workers under capitalism would eventually lead to a revolution where the proletariat (working class) would overthrow the bourgeoisie (owning class) and establish a socialist system where the means of production are collectively owned. This prediction is known as the Marxist theory of revolution.

Question 17

Industrialization changes societies in many ways. Which of the following is NOT a change brought on by industrialization?
A) A larger share of a society's people lives in cities.
B) There are fewer types of jobs and fewer people now work for income.
C) The rate of social change increases.
D) Advances in communication and transportation make society seem smaller.

Accepted Answer

Industrialization actually leads to the creation of more types of jobs and a larger proportion of the population working for income. Therefore, option B is not a change brought on by industrialization.

Question 18

As Marx used the concept, alienation means
A) the sense of not knowing right from wrong.
B) that most people do not want to work at all.
C) that people object to highly specialized work.
D) the experience of isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness.

Accepted Answer

Marx used the concept of alienation to describe the experience of isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness that workers experience under capitalism. This sense of powerlessness is caused by the separation of workers from the products of their labor, the specialization of work, and the absence of control over the production process. The result is a feeling of disconnection from one's work, one's fellow workers, and even one's own humanity.

Question 19

Assume you are studying a society that has just invented cities, has increasing specialization, and has just started using money to buy and sell goods and services. It is likely that the society is at which stage of socio-cultural evolution?
A) hunting and gathering
B) horticultural and pastoral
C) agrarian
D) industrial

Accepted Answer

The society is at the agrarian stage of socio-cultural evolution. This is because the society has just invented cities and is increasing specialization, which is a characteristic of the agrarian stage. The use of money to buy and sell goods and services also indicates that the society has moved beyond the horticultural and pastoral stage. The industrial stage is marked by mass production and advanced technology, which is not evident in the given scenario.

Question 20

Marx called those who own and operate factories and other businesses in pursuit of profits
A) proletarians.
B) peasants.
C) capitalists.
D) burghers.

Accepted Answer

Marx refers to the owners of factories and other businesses as capitalists, who he sees as exploiting the labor of the proletariat.

Quiz 4: Society

Marx described the widespread beliefs that supported the capitalist economic system as

Compared to an industrial society, a post-industrial society is based on

Which of the following is TRUE?

Marx noted four ways in which capitalism alienates workers. Which of the following is NOT one of these four ways?

Films about advancing technology, including Frankenstein, make the point that advancing technology

Many people have marvelled at the Great Wall in China and the Great Pyramids in Egypt. These monuments stand as evidence of the productive power of which type of society?

Karl Marx argued that the dominant social institution is

Which of the following types of society has the most productive specialization?

Gerhard Lenski claims that the development of more complex technology

Karl Marx believed that the industrial-capitalist system was

Marx described alienation as involving which of the following?

In the socialist society Marx hoped to see, which of the following would be true?

In terms of social inequality, agrarian societies generally

The birth of the discipline of sociology took place during the development of which type of society?

The driving force of social change, according to Marx, is

As the suffering of workers became worse, Marx predicted that they would

Industrialization changes societies in many ways. Which of the following is NOT a change brought on by industrialization?

As Marx used the concept, alienation means

Assume you are studying a society that has just invented cities, has increasing specialization, and has just started using money to buy and sell goods and services. It is likely that the society is at which stage of socio-cultural evolution?

Marx called those who own and operate factories and other businesses in pursuit of profits