Question 1

The fluid stored inside cells is referred to as extracellular fluid (ECF).

Accepted Answer

The fluid stored inside cells is referred to as intracellular fluid (ICF), while extracellular fluid (ECF) refers to the fluid that surrounds cells outside of the cell membrane.

Question 2

Identify the process that occurs in the kidney.
A) tubular reabsorption
B) glomerular filtration
C) tubular secretion
-Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) promotes the movement of water from the filtrate back into the blood of the peritubular capillaries

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the process that occurs in the...

Question 3

Identify the process that occurs in the kidney.
A) tubular reabsorption
B) glomerular filtration
C) tubular secretion
-Substances such as potassium, urea, and creatinine are moved from the blood of the peritubular capillaries into the filtrate to be eliminated in urine

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the process that occurs in the...

Question 4

The bicarbonate buffer system prevents changes in blood pH through the action of carbonic acid and its salt, sodium bicarbonate.

Accepted Answer

The bicarbonate buffer system functions by maintaining a balance between carbonic acid and its salt, sodium bicarbonate. This system is effective in preventing significant changes in blood pH by acting as a buffer to absorb excess hydrogen ions (acids) or hydroxide ions (bases).

Question 5

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are primarily infections of the reproductive tracts but may also cause urinary tract infections.

Accepted Answer

STIs are primarily infections of the reproductive tracts, but some can also infect other areas such as the mouth and anus, and may cause urinary tract infections if they spread to the urethra and bladder.

Question 6

Excess blood plasma in the bloodstream initiates the thirst mechanism to restore fluid balance.

Accepted Answer

Excess blood plasma typically indicates a state of overhydration, which would not trigger the thirst mechanism. The thirst mechanism is primarily activated by dehydration or a decrease in blood plasma volume, signaling the body to increase fluid intake to restore balance.

Question 7

Identify the process that occurs in the kidney.
A) tubular reabsorption
B) glomerular filtration
C) tubular secretion
-Aldosterone promotes sodium and thus water to move from the filtrate through the tubule cells into the blood

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the process that occurs in the...

Question 8

Identify the process that occurs in the kidney.
A) tubular reabsorption
B) glomerular filtration
C) tubular secretion
-Water, glucose, amino acids, and needed ions are moved from the filtrate back into the blood

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the process that occurs in the...

Question 9

The involuntary internal urethral sphincter is composed of skeletal muscle.

Accepted Answer

The involuntary internal urethral sphincter is composed of smooth muscle.

Question 10

Identify the process that occurs in the kidney.
A) tubular reabsorption
B) glomerular filtration
C) tubular secretion
-As long as blood pressure is normal, filtrate will be formed

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the process that occurs in the...

Question 11

The most important trigger for aldosterone release is the renin-angiotensin mechanism, mediated by the juxtaglomerular (JG) apparatus of the renal tubules.

Accepted Answer

The renin-angiotensin mechanism, mediated by the JG apparatus of the renal tubules, is the most important trigger for aldosterone release.

Question 12

The urethra, which carries urine exiting the urinary bladder by peristalsis, is typically shorter in females than in males.

Accepted Answer

This is true. In females, the urethra is approximately 1.5-2 inches long, while in males it is typically 6-8 inches long.

Question 13

Urine moves down the ureters into the urinary bladder due to gravitational pull alone.

Accepted Answer

Urine moves down the ureters into the urinary bladder through peristalsis, which is the coordinated contraction of smooth muscles in the walls of the ureters. Gravitational pull alone is not sufficient to move urine.

Question 14

Incontinence is often the final outcome of the urinary system during the aging process.

Accepted Answer

Incontinence is a common issue for older adults, but it is not necessarily the final outcome of the urinary system during the aging process. Incontinence can often be managed with medical treatment or behavioral interventions.

Question 15

Urine may routinely contain sodium, potassium, proteins, and red blood cells.

Accepted Answer

Urine may routinely contain sodium and potassium, but not proteins and red blood cells; their presence is typically abnormal and may indicate a medical condition.

Question 16

Blood buffers are important in maintaining fluid-electrolyte balance.

Accepted Answer

Blood buffers are important in maintaining acid-base balance, not specifically fluid-electrolyte balance.

Question 17

When blood pH becomes too acidic, the tubule cells of the kidneys excrete bicarbonate ions and retain hydrogen ions.

Accepted Answer

When blood pH becomes too acidic, the tubule cells of the kidneys retain bicarbonate ions and excrete hydrogen ions to help neutralize the acidity.

Question 18

Identify the process that occurs in the kidney.
A) tubular reabsorption
B) glomerular filtration
C) tubular secretion
-Water and solutes pass from the blood into the glomerular capsule part of the renal tubule

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the process that occurs in the...

Question 19

Identify the urinary structure with its associated description:
A) adrenal gland
B) renal cortex
C) renal pyramids or medullary pyramids 
D) renal columns
E) calyces
F) renal pelvis
G) renal medulla
-Cup-shaped extensions of the pelvis that enclose the tips of the renal (medullary) pyramids

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the urinary structure with its associated...

Question 20

When antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is present at the collecting ducts of the kidneys, less water is reabsorbed and diuresis increases.

Accepted Answer

When ADH is present at the collecting ducts of the kidneys, more water is reabsorbed and diuresis decreases. ADH is responsible for conserving water in the body by increasing the permeability of the collecting ducts to water, which leads to more water being reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. Therefore, less water is lost in the urine, and diuresis (urine production) decreases.

Quiz 15: The Urinary System

The fluid stored inside cells is referred to as extracellular fluid (ECF).

Identify the process that occurs in the kidney. A) tubular reabsorption B) glomerular filtration C) tubular secretion -Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) promotes the movement of water from the filtrate back into the blood of the peritubular capillaries

Identify the process that occurs in the kidney. A) tubular reabsorption B) glomerular filtration C) tubular secretion -Substances such as potassium, urea, and creatinine are moved from the blood of the peritubular capillaries into the filtrate to be eliminated in urine

The bicarbonate buffer system prevents changes in blood pH through the action of carbonic acid and its salt, sodium bicarbonate.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are primarily infections of the reproductive tracts but may also cause urinary tract infections.

Excess blood plasma in the bloodstream initiates the thirst mechanism to restore fluid balance.

Identify the process that occurs in the kidney. A) tubular reabsorption B) glomerular filtration C) tubular secretion -Aldosterone promotes sodium and thus water to move from the filtrate through the tubule cells into the blood

Identify the process that occurs in the kidney. A) tubular reabsorption B) glomerular filtration C) tubular secretion -Water, glucose, amino acids, and needed ions are moved from the filtrate back into the blood

The involuntary internal urethral sphincter is composed of skeletal muscle.

Identify the process that occurs in the kidney. A) tubular reabsorption B) glomerular filtration C) tubular secretion -As long as blood pressure is normal, filtrate will be formed

The most important trigger for aldosterone release is the renin-angiotensin mechanism, mediated by the juxtaglomerular (JG) apparatus of the renal tubules.

The urethra, which carries urine exiting the urinary bladder by peristalsis, is typically shorter in females than in males.

Urine moves down the ureters into the urinary bladder due to gravitational pull alone.

Incontinence is often the final outcome of the urinary system during the aging process.

Urine may routinely contain sodium, potassium, proteins, and red blood cells.

Blood buffers are important in maintaining fluid-electrolyte balance.

When blood pH becomes too acidic, the tubule cells of the kidneys excrete bicarbonate ions and retain hydrogen ions.

Identify the process that occurs in the kidney. A) tubular reabsorption B) glomerular filtration C) tubular secretion -Water and solutes pass from the blood into the glomerular capsule part of the renal tubule

Identify the urinary structure with its associated description: A) adrenal gland B) renal cortex C) renal pyramids or medullary pyramids D) renal columns E) calyces F) renal pelvis G) renal medulla -Cup-shaped extensions of the pelvis that enclose the tips of the renal (medullary) pyramids

When antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is present at the collecting ducts of the kidneys, less water is reabsorbed and diuresis increases.