Question 1

What are twin studies? How are they used in genetic research?

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Question 2

Although Charles Darwin's concept of natural selection was partially based on the observation of variability within a species,Darwin did not develop an acceptable mechanism to explain this variability.How did the work of Gregor Mendel help explain a mechanism of biological evolution?

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Question 3

Matching Questions
match each phase of mitosis with what occurs during that phase:
-interphase

Accepted Answer

Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which the cell prepares for division, but has not yet started actively dividing. It is considered an interim period where the cell grows, duplicates its DNA, and performs its normal functions. Choices B, C, D, and E describe events that occur during mitosis, not interphase.

Question 4

Matching Questions
match each nucleic acid with its description:
-nDNA

Accepted Answer

nDNA stands for nuclear DNA, which means it is located in the nucleus of the cell. It contains the genetic information that is responsible for the development and function of an organism.

Question 5

Matching Questions
match each nucleic acid with its description:
-mRNA

Accepted Answer

mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA that is transcribed from DNA in the nucleus and carries the genetic code to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where it acts as a template for protein synthesis. It essentially copies segments of the genetic code and transports them to the ribosomes for the manufacture of proteins. It is therefore located in the nucleus during transcription and in the cytoplasm during translation. It is not located in the mitochondria and does not transport amino acids into position.

Question 6

Early studies of heredity centered on human characteristics.What are some of the explanations that explain why the discovery of the principles of heredity was first made on the basis of plant reproduction as opposed to human reproduction?

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Question 7

What is the essential difference between a male and a female in cellular terms?

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Question 8

Although the basic Mendelian principles of genetics were discovered through experiments on pea plants,they also apply to all organisms,including humans.Illustrate the concepts of segregation,dominance,and independent assortment using human characteristics.

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Question 9

The construction of karyotypes has become a routine diagnostic medical tool.What kind of information does a karyotype provide?

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Question 10

In what ways do mitosis and meiosis differ from each other?

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Question 11

What has the study of cytogenetics added to our understanding of Mendelian genetics?

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Question 12

Many students mistakenly view the concept of dominance in terms of frequency or severity of a disease or trait.What precisely is meant by this term and how does it differ from the concept of recessiveness?

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Question 13

Matching Questions
match each phase of mitosis with what occurs during that phase:
-anaphase

Accepted Answer

During anaphase, the chromatids of each chromosome are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell by the spindle fibers. This results in the physical division of the replicated chromosomes into two genetically identical sets at the opposite ends of the cell.

Question 14

Describe the processes that occur during meiosis that demonstrate the physical basis of independent assortment and segregation.

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Question 15

Matching Questions
match each nucleic acid with its description:
-mtDNA

Accepted Answer

mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) is located in the mitochondria, which are organelles responsible for producing energy in cells. mtDNA is inherited maternally and contains genes that encode for some of the proteins involved in the electron transport chain, which is responsible for ATP synthesis. It does not transport amino acids or copy segments of the genetic code for protein manufacture, and it is not located in the nucleus.

Question 16

Matching Questions
match each phase of mitosis with what occurs during that phase:
-telophase

Accepted Answer

In telophase, the new nuclear membrane forms around the separated chromosomes, thus option E is the correct answer. The other options are specific to other stages of mitosis.

Question 17

How does the concept of segregation differ from the concept of blending?

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Question 18

Some biologists feel that the phenotypic ratios obtained by Gregor Mendel in his experiments with pea plants were too good to be true.Did Mendel fake his data?

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Question 19

Charles Darwin attempted to explain variability in terms of the blending theory.Describe the blending theory and contrast it to the concepts developed by Gregor Mendel.

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

Matching Questions
match each nucleic acid with its description:
-tRNA

Accepted Answer

tRNA (transfer RNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome and helps to position them in the correct order to form a protein. It does not copy or store genetic code, nor is it located exclusively in the nucleus or mitochondria.

Quiz 2: The Study of Heredity

What are twin studies? How are they used in genetic research?

Although Charles Darwin's concept of natural selection was partially based on the observation of variability within a species,Darwin did not develop an acceptable mechanism to explain this variability.How did the work of Gregor Mendel help explain a mechanism of biological evolution?

Matching Questions match each phase of mitosis with what occurs during that phase: -interphase

Matching Questions match each nucleic acid with its description: -nDNA

Matching Questions match each nucleic acid with its description: -mRNA