Question 1

Which organization is associated with the most area of certified forest in Canada?

Accepted Answer

The Sustainable Forestry Initiative Program is associated with the most area of certified forest in Canada.

Question 2

Which tactic for protecting biodiversity would be excluded in the ecosystem approach?

Accepted Answer

The ecosystem approach focuses on the entire ecosystem, rather than just individual species, so legally protecting a single endangered species does not address the larger issues of ecosystem health and sustainability.

Question 3

What is the name of the applied science of managing,analyzing,and communicating biological information?

Accepted Answer

Bioinformatics is the applied science of managing, analyzing, and communicating biological information. Choice A, existence value, refers to the value of a species or ecosystem just because it exists. Choice C, conservation biology, is the scientific study of the protection and management of biodiversity. Choice D, instrumental value, refers to the value of a species or ecosystem in terms of its usefulness or economic value to humans.

Question 4

It can be argued that virtually every service provided by forests can be viewed as having some combination of economic and ecological values.Which of the following forest services would you classify as being the most directly "economic" of these choices?

Accepted Answer

Provision of biomass, recreation, and ecotourism are directly linked to economic values such as providing jobs, income, and economic development.

Question 5

Which tree species is likely to successfully regenerate after a stand has been clear-cut?

Accepted Answer

Tree species that require full sun are more likely to successfully regenerate after a stand has been clear-cut because the removal of the canopy allows sunlight to reach the ground, creating an ideal environment for these sun-loving species to grow.

Question 6

What might be an outcome of clear-cutting?

Accepted Answer

Clear-cutting removes all of the trees in an area, resulting in a significant loss of biodiversity. This is because many different species rely on specific types of vegetation for food, shelter, and other needs. Clear-cutting also removes the canopy, which can lead to increased sunlight and temperature fluctuations that can further alter the ecosystem.

Answer options A and C are incorrect. Wind-resistant trees in adjacent stands may still be affected by clear-cutting if they are exposed to stronger winds and other environmental changes. While clear-cutting can reduce the potential for some instances of soil erosion by eliminating steep slopes and other areas prone to erosion, it can also increase the risk of erosion in other areas.

Answer option D is also incorrect, as clear-cutting typically results in a larger harvest due to the removal of all trees.

Question 7

Which industry did the Clayoquot Sound,BC,resource management conflict focus on?

Accepted Answer

The Clayoquot Sound conflict was primarily focused on forestry industry practices and their impact on the environment and local Indigenous communities.

Question 8

What is a possible outcome of selective cutting?

Accepted Answer

Selective cutting involves removing only certain trees from a forest stand, leaving others to grow and mature. This can result in an uneven-aged stand of trees, as some trees will be removed while others will continue to grow and develop. Crowding of trees can occur if too many trees are left in one area, but with proper planning and management, selective cutting can promote the growth of more mature trees and a diverse forest ecosystem. A special seed distribution plan may be used in certain cases, but it is not a direct outcome of selective cutting.

Question 9

What is a characteristic of a forested watershed?

Accepted Answer

Forested watersheds have the ability to slow water runoff due to the presence of trees and vegetation that absorb and hold water. This helps to regulate and maintain a steady flow of water in the watershed and prevent erosion and flooding. Forested watersheds also provide important habitat for wildlife, maintain biodiversity, and support various ecosystem services. Therefore, B is the correct answer because it is a characteristic that distinguishes forested watersheds from other types of watersheds.

Question 10

Which term refers to the removal of all trees from a given area in a single cutting to establish a new,even-aged stand?

Accepted Answer

Clear-cutting is the practice of removing all trees from a given area in a single cutting, leaving behind no standing trees. This is often used to establish a new even-aged stand of trees for commercial purposes, but can have negative environmental impacts if not carefully managed. Selection cutting involves removing individual trees or small groups of trees, while shelter wood cutting and seed-tree cutting leave behind some standing trees to help establish regrowth.

Question 11

What is NOT characteristic of second-growth forest?

Accepted Answer

Second-growth forest is a forest that has grown back after a major disturbance, but not for hundreds of years. It typically develops after farming areas are abandoned, fires, or clear-cutting. Therefore, option D is not characteristic of a second-growth forest.

Question 12

Which statement describes a second-growth forest?

Accepted Answer

A second-growth forest is a stand of trees resulting from secondary ecological succession, meaning it has regrown after an initial disturbance such as harvesting or a natural disaster.

Question 13

What percentage of Canada's forested land is managed by the federal government?

Accepted Answer

The federal government of Canada manages approximately 4% of the country's forested land, with the majority being managed by provincial and territorial governments.

Question 14

What might be an outcome of large-scale clear-cutting?

Accepted Answer

Large-scale clear-cutting results in the destruction of large areas of forest, leading to habitat fragmentation. This can have a detrimental effect on wildlife that require continuous habitats to survive. Reduced biodiversity and increased water pollution can also result from clear-cutting, while flood prevention is not directly related to this activity.

Question 15

Which cutting method leaves only a few mature,healthy,wind-resistant trees for regenerating the forest?

Accepted Answer

Seed-tree cutting involves leaving a few mature, healthy, wind-resistant trees to provide seeds for regenerating the forest.

Question 16

Which compound is removed from the atmosphere by forests?

Accepted Answer

Forests remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through the process of photosynthesis. They take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen, making them important in mitigating the impacts of climate change. Iron, nitrogen, and oxygen are not primarily removed from the atmosphere by forests.

Question 17

Which term refers to a system in which nearly all the trees in a stand are harvested in one cutting,but a few uniformly distributed,healthy trees are left to regenerate the forest?

Accepted Answer

Seed-tree cutting involves harvesting nearly all trees in a stand but leaving a few seed-producing trees scattered throughout the area to regenerate the forest.

Question 18

Which statement about clear-cutting is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Clear-cutting is often preferred by lumber companies because it is a simpler and more cost-effective method that requires less skill and planning compared to selective logging or other methods.

Question 19

Which characteristic is NOT in an old-growth forest?

Accepted Answer

Old-growth forests typically have a complex forest floor with layers of decaying organic matter, rather than a clear forest floor.

Question 20

What has a direct effect on decreasing biodiversity?

Accepted Answer

Non-native species introduction can directly lead to decreased biodiversity by outcompeting native species for resources, introducing new diseases, and altering ecosystems.

Quiz 11: Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: Managing and Protecting Ecosystems