Which of the Following Is Best Describes the Concept of "Consumerism

Which of the following is best describes the concept of "consumerism"? 

A)  It is a relatively recent concept to explain the movement towards mobile marketing and location-based services. 
B)  It involves consumer-oriented promotions such as coupons, premiums, and sweepstakes. 
C)  It defines the actions that individuals and groups use to enact power in the marketplace. 
D)  It refers to the ongoing expansion of contemporary marketing beyond traditional production of ads and commercials, including e-commerce and behavioral targeting.